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| ID | Year | Created | Reference | Abstract | Item Type | Authors | Title | DOI | Journal | URL | Countries | Sectors | Volume | Issue | ISSN | Pages | UCAuthors | Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5160 | 2020 | 11/8/2025 12:25:35 AM | Veysey, Jason (2020) "Introducing NEMO: The Next Energy Modeling system for Optimization" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Jason Veysey, lead developer of NEMO introduces this new open source least-cost optimization framework designed to work closely with LEAP. NEMO is writtem in the Julia language and is able to work with a wide range of free and commercial solvers including GLPK, Cbc, MOSEK, CPLEX, GUROBI and XPress. | video | Veysey, Jason | Introducing NEMO: The Next Energy Modeling system for Optimization | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYybQ9TARMA | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
| 5159 | 2020 | 11/8/2025 12:21:27 AM | Heaps, Charlie (2020) "Importing and Exporting Data for LEAP" Stockholm Environment Institute. | In this video, Charlie Heaps of SEI demonstrates four different techniques for importing and exporting data to and from LEAP: 1. Basic importing and exporting using copy and paste. 2. Importing and exporting large data sets from a template spreadsheet. 3. Creating branches and importing data from a structured spreadsheet (i.e. typical tabular data). 4. Importing branches and data from another LEAP area (merging areas). | video | Heaps, Charlie | Importing and Exporting Data for LEAP | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y4b2KCIxOJU | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| 5158 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:19:42 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #8: Advanced Topics" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Sida LEAP Training Lectures 2021 Eight lectures delivered in 2021 as a series of webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. 8) Advanced topics in LEAP modeling Additional LEAP modeling topics, including exporting and importing data, key assumptions and user variables, indicators, demand-side load curves, stock turnover modeling, overviews, and marginal abatement cost curves. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #8: Advanced Topics | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O7hW_Qit3Bw | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| 5157 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:18:36 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #7: Linking LEAP and WEAP for energy & water resource planning" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Sida LEAP Training Lectures 2021 Eight lectures delivered in 2021 as a series of webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. Approaches to connecting LEAP and WEAP (the Water Evaluation And Planning system) for integrated energy-water analyses. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #7: Linking LEAP and WEAP for energy & water resource planning | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0vmhFuYfJis | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||
| 5156 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:15:52 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #5: Cost Benefit Analysis" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Eight lectures delivered in 2021 as a series of webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. 5) Cost-benefit analysis with LEAP An overview of LEAP's capabilities for integrated cost-benefit analysis, including energy, non-energy, and pollutant externality costs. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #5: Cost Benefit Analysis | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e5ysJYn5lBg | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||
| 5155 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:13:43 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #4: Modeling Emissions" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Sida LEAP Training Lectures 2021 Eight lectures delivered in 2021 as a series of webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. 4) Modeling emissions with LEAP How to model energy- and non-energy related emissions in LEAP. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #4: Modeling Emissions | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kC_fmF07KBk | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||||
| 5154 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:11:47 AM | Wagner, Charlotte; Veysey, Jason; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #3: Energy Supply Modeling" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Sida LEAP Training Lectures 2021 Eight lectures delivered in 2021 as a series of webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. 3) Energy Supply Modeling with LEAP Using LEAP for modeling energy supply, including transformation and resources modeling, capacity expansion and dispatch modeling, and time slicing. | video | Wagner, Charlotte; Veysey, Jason; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #3: Energy Supply Modeling | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6suTuLr9bOE | 1 | 1 | 6 | ||||||
| 5153 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:08:52 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #2: Energy Demand Modeling" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Sida LEAP Training Lectures 2021. Eight lectures delivered in 2021 as a series of webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. Energy Demand Modeling: Using LEAP for modeling energy demand, including projection methods, approaches to disaggregating demand models, and options for specifying energy-using technologies. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #2: Energy Demand Modeling | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXY0W3CHztA | 1 | 1 | 7 | ||||||
| 5152 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:06:42 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #1: Introduction to LEAP" Stockholm Environment Institute. | An introduction to LEAP, including its key features, history, structure, user interface, and terminology. #1 in a series of 8 webinars organized by SEI, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation agency (Sida). Delivered by Jason Veysey and Charlotte Wagner of SEI. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #1: Introduction to LEAP | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mt7rcUDD42w | 1 | 1 | 8 | ||||||
| 5151 | 2021 | 11/8/2025 12:00:49 AM | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie (2021) "Sida LEAP Training Lecture #6: Optimization Modeling with LEAP and NEMO" Stockholm Environment Institute. | How to use the NEMO optimization framework with LEAP, including conceptual background, enabling optimization in a LEAP model, modeling energy storage and emissions costs and constraints, and advanced NEMO features. | video | Veysey, Jason; Wagner, Charlotte; Heaps, Charlie | Sida LEAP Training Lecture #6: Optimization Modeling with LEAP and NEMO | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RjwtX2eL7tM | 1 | 1 | 9 | ||||||
| 5150 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 11:58:20 PM | Ulloa, Silvia; Heaps, Charlie (2025) "Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACCs) and IPAT-Based Decomposition Reports" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Silvia Ulloa from SEI, demonstrates two new feature of the 2020 version of LEAP: Marginal Abatement Costs Curves (MACCs) and Decomposition reports based on the well-known IPAT methodology. | video | Ulloa, Silvia; Heaps, Charlie | Marginal Abatement Cost Curves (MACCs) and IPAT-Based Decomposition Reports | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpfTY-XLKtY | 1 | 1 | 10 | ||||||
| 5149 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 11:55:30 PM | Sieber, Jack (2020) "Integrated energy-water resource planning using LEAP and WEAP." Stockholm Environment Institute. | Jack Sieber, the developer of SEI's Water Resource Planning system (WEAP), the sister tool to LEAP, show how LEAP and WEAP can be linked together for integrated energy-water resource planning. | video | Sieber, Jack | Integrated energy-water resource planning using LEAP and WEAP. | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qk9aq96sfdU | 1 | 1 | 11 | ||||||
| 5148 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 11:53:43 PM | Heaps, Charlie (2020) "Using LEAP for Modeling and Mapping The Geographic Distribution of Emissions" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Charlie Heaps, developer of LEAP demonstrates an important new capability in the 2020 version of LEAP: how make projections of the geographic distribution of emissions and then display them on gridded maps within LEAP. | video | Heaps, Charlie | Using LEAP for Modeling and Mapping The Geographic Distribution of Emissions | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MniDgJBaYDg | 1 | 1 | 12 | ||||||
| 5147 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 11:51:48 PM | Heaps, Charlie (2020) "An introduction to the Impact Benefits Calculator (IBC)" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Charlie Heaps, the developer of LEAP gives an introduction to the Integrated Benefits Calculator (IBC): a LEAP module used to calculate the health (premature mortality), ecosystem (crop loss) and climate (temperature change) impacts associated with national-scale climate and air pollution scenarios. He outlines IBC's methodology and demonstrates how to use LEAP and IBC together. | video | Heaps, Charlie | An introduction to the Impact Benefits Calculator (IBC) | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pax14i1jpLI | 1 | 1 | 13 | ||||||
| 5146 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 11:49:10 PM | Heaps, Charlie (2020) "Using LEAP's Application Programming Interface (API)" Stockholm Environment Institute. | This video shows how to use LEAP’s Application Programming Interface (API) Topics covered include: What is an Application Programming Interface (API)? Checking to see if scripting is working correctly in LEAP. Using LEAP’s built-in script editor. Controlling LEAP from other applications such as Excel. Using scripting in LEAP events. Using scripting within LEAP’s CALL function to extend LEAP's calculations. | video | Heaps, Charlie | Using LEAP's Application Programming Interface (API) | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oaYP6iVNR0 | 1 | 1 | 14 | ||||||
| 5145 | 2022 | 11/7/2025 11:47:16 PM | Wagner, Charlotte; Kemp-Benedict, Eric (2022) "SEI Epi Macro Model: Webinar" Stockholm Environment Institute. | The SEI Epidemic-Macroeconomic Model is a software tool designed to help national and regional authorities generate scenarios that incorporate both the economic ramifications of the pandemic and the measures undertaken to contain its spread. The tool aims to help countries develop their own COVID-19 pandemic-adjusted economic baseline scenarios for sustainable development planning. It can be used to create COVID-aware projections for use in SEI's LEAP (energy) and WEAP (water) modeling tools. | video | Wagner, Charlotte; Kemp-Benedict, Eric | SEI Epi Macro Model: Webinar | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57sr3eIhPgo | 1 | 1 | 15 | ||||||
| 5144 | 2024 | 11/7/2025 11:44:32 PM | Heaps, Charlie (2024) "What is Your Vision for the Future? LEAP 40th Anniversary Video." Stockholm Environment Institute. | A short video celebrating LEAP's 40th anniversary, and previewing some of the new features coming in the new version for 2024. In the video we ask members of the LEAP community what they think of LEAP. | video | Heaps, Charlie | What is Your Vision for the Future? LEAP 40th Anniversary Video. | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhAOfbnXhMU | 1 | 1 | 16 | ||||||
| 5143 | 2022 | 11/7/2025 11:42:32 PM | Hicks, Kevin (2022) "The Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Development in Africa – Launch of the Summary for Decision Makers" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Video of the launch event for the UNEP/AU/CCAC Integrated Assessment for Africa. The Assessment, developed by African scientists in a process led by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), shows how African leaders can act quickly across five key areas: transport, residential, energy, agriculture, and waste, to fight climate change, prevent air pollution, protect human health and advance development. At the side event, representatives from the CCAC, the African Union, and other partners launched the Assessment and discussed how to fast track implementation of the recommended measures. The Assessment is founded upon national-scale, continent-wide modeling of Africa's GHG, SLCP, and air pollution emissions developed primarily within SEI's LEAP platform, which was used as the basis for extensive modeling of climate and health impacts conducted in other models including NASA'S GISS climate model. The open-source LEAP model developed for the Assessment will be released and made freely available to all when the Assessment is launched. | video | Hicks, Kevin | The Integrated Assessment of Air Pollution and Climate Change for Sustainable Development in Africa – Launch of the Summary for Decision Makers | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxH337qzW4A | 1 | 1 | 17 | ||||||
| 5142 | 2024 | 11/7/2025 11:39:24 PM | Heaps, Charlie;Ulloa, Silvia;Wagner, Charlotte (2024) "LEAP 2024 Launch Webinar: July 2024" Stockholm Environment Institute. | In this webinar, SEI's energy modeling team introduce a major new version of LEAP: The Low Emissions Analysis Platform, which is being released in the week ending July 19th 2024. The new version (LEAP 2024) is designed to make LEAP better at conducting policy-relevant analysis by making it easier to use, more accessible, more rigorous, more inclusive, and better able to address important emerging concerns. Major new features include: * Full energy system optimization modeling, * A new cloud-based database, * New energy affordability analyses, * A new plugin architecture, * Improved accessibility through new language translations, and * a thoroughly modernized user interface. In the webinar, SEI's team describe and demonstrate all these features. The webinar also includes a Q&A session during which the SEI team answer questions from participants. | video | Heaps, Charlie;Ulloa, Silvia;Wagner, Charlotte | LEAP 2024 Launch Webinar: July 2024 | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PD31KS7LGcs | 1 | 1 | 18 | ||||||
| 5141 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 11:35:39 PM | Heaps, Charlie; Davis, Matthew (2025) "LEAPGPT: The AI LEAP Energy Modeling Assistant" University of Alberta, Stockholm Environment Institute. | A quick demo of the new AI-based LEAP ChatGPT assistant. | video | Heaps, Charlie; Davis, Matthew | LEAPGPT: The AI LEAP Energy Modeling Assistant | University of Alberta, Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGGEneVXuQs | 1 | 1 | 19 | ||||||
| 5140 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 11:31:01 PM | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie (2020) "Training Exercise #5: Non-Energy Sector Emissions" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Chris Malley of SEI takes you through Exercise 5 of the standard LEAP training exercises covering non-energy sector GHG emissions analysis. | video | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie | Training Exercise #5: Non-Energy Sector Emissions | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHD3TifBhAk | 1 | 1 | 20 | ||||||
| 5139 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 11:14:21 PM | Malley, Chris;Heaps, Charlie (2020) "Training Exercise #4: Cost-Benefit Analysis" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Chris Malley of SEI takes you through Exercise 4 of the standard LEAP training exercises covering cost-benefit analysis. | video | Malley, Chris;Heaps, Charlie | Training Exercise #4: Cost-Benefit Analysis | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=au99KzpHmio | 1 | 1 | 21 | ||||||
| 5138 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 6:14:40 PM | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie (2020) "LEAP Training Exercise #3: Transformation" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Chris Malley of SEI takes you through Exercise 3 of the standard LEAP training exercises covering various Transformation sectors: charcoal production, oil refining, coal mining and resource extraction. | video | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie | LEAP Training Exercise #3: Transformation | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MwIqXQW1t8E | 1 | 1 | 22 | ||||||
| 5137 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 6:12:21 PM | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie (2020) "LEAP Training Exercise #2 on Industry, Transport and the Commercial sector." Stockholm Environment Institute. | In this video, Chris Malley of SEI takes you through Exercise 2 of the standard LEAP training exercises covering industry, transport, and the commercial sector and introducing new methods in LEAP such as modeling modal shifts and using useful energy analysis. This exercise builds on those conducted in Exercise 1. | video | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie | LEAP Training Exercise #2 on Industry, Transport and the Commercial sector. | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brSaqo0cV8I | 1 | 1 | 23 | ||||||
| 5136 | 2020 | 11/7/2025 6:09:35 PM | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie (2020) "LEAP Training Exercise #1" Stockholm Environment Institute. | Chris Malley of SEI takes you through Exercise 1 of the standard LEAP training exercises. | video | Malley, Chris; Heaps, Charlie | LEAP Training Exercise #1 | Stockholm Environment Institute | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cW87lWDABgc | 1 | 1 | 24 | ||||||
| 5135 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:51:13 PM | Somalia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (2025) "Somalia's Third Generation Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Federal Government of Somalia. | Somalia submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in 2015, in accordance with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). After ratifying the Paris Agreement in April 2016, the INDC became Somalia's first NDC. According to decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 24, which requests Parties to communicate or update their NDC by 2020, Somalia reviewed and updated its NDC for submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2021 (NDC 2.0). The updated NDC provides measurable and budgeted mitigation and adaptation actions in agriculture, energy, land use and forestry, transport, and waste sectors. However, it is yet to be submitted to the UNFCCC. In conformity with the Paris Agreement Article 4.9 which requires parties to submit updated NDC every 5 years, the MoECC, in collaboration with internal and external partners embarked on a collective process to review the existing NDC with the aim of ratcheting climate change ambitions; aligning it with Somalia’s LT-LEDs, the key national development planning frameworks such as the "Acceleration and Localization of Environmentally Sustainable Development Goals (Green SDGs) for Somalia"; and to develop an investable NDC implementation roadmap, with detailed sectoral strategies, including resource allocation. The review and update of the NDC was a participatory process involving stakeholders from society and government approach which included all government departments and agencies, civic society, humanitarian organizations, communities and special interest groups such as gender, youth, persons with disabilities (PWD), and indigenous groups. This NDC considers resolutions from the recent Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings, such as the Katowicze Climate Package (2018), which established rules for implementing the Paris Agreement, influencing NDC development and reporting. COP26 in Glasgow (2021) underscored the need for more ambitious emission reduction targets aligned with limiting global warming to below 2°C, the announcement of 2050 net-zero targets by many countries, and the emphasis on adaptation and resilience in NDCs. The review aims to accomplish several key objectives, including developing an NDC Implementation Plan for priority actions in key sub-sectors; identifying the enabling environment and barriers to effective implementation of climate actions; and assessing and mapping potential financial resources to support NDC actions. In conformity with the reporting requirements therein, Somalia submitted its first Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2024. This NDC 3.0 constitutes a progression in ambition from the previous NDC which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 per cent below 2015 levels by 2030. The realisation of this target has been constrained by social and economic instability, and low partner support for the proposed conditional actions. The NDC 3.0 is informed by the outcomes of the first Somalia GHG emission inventory of 2025 and the Global Stocktake in 2023, and represents Somalia’s highest possible ambition in light of its national social, political and economic circumstances and capability. Somalia relies economically on agriculture and natural resources; has a high dependence on electricity generation using fossil fuels; low installed renewable energy capacity (12%) and dominance of microgrids; low industrial capacity; and a nascent political stability and public sector. These realities shape Somalia’s national circumstances and emissions profiles, and the NDC targets have been established consequent to this. This NDC aligns with long-term carbon-neutral development strategies, which will leverage major technological advances and mobilize climate finance and investment for future economic growth and development. It also aligns with the country's national development strategies and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), SDG 5 (Gender) along with other goals that foster sustainable development. As a low GHG-emitting country (contributing 0.019% of global emissions), while being highly vulnerable to climate change, Somalia prioritises NDCs adaptation and resilience actions.Therefore, domestic funds will be prioritised for adaptation over mitigation measures. Importantly, gender issues will be prioritised to reduce vulnerability of marginalised sections of the community to climate shocks. Furthermore, integrated approaches will be pursued that align climate action, peacebuilding, and security strategies as called for by the National Transformation Plan (2025–2029). | report | Somalia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change | Somalia's Third Generation Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Federal Government of Somalia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Somalia%20NDC%203.0_Official_2025.pdf | 1 | 1 | 58 | 25 | |||||
| 5134 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:44:15 PM | Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment (2025) "Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0" Government of Nepal. | Nepal hereby presents its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0 under the Paris Agreement for the period up to 2035, following Articles 4.2 and 4.11 of the Paris Agreement, and Decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 23 and 24, and other relevant provisions of the Paris Agreement, including guided by the outcome of the first Global Stocktake Decision 1/CMA.5. Nepal has negligible contribution to past and current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but high vulnerability to climate impacts. Nepal’s high forest cover provides GHG removals and Nepal’s snow-covered mountains provide critical environment services for the region. The NDC includes targets, polices and measures to reduce national GHG emission levels, promote adaptation actions, and address loss and damage, which will require international support on climate financing, technology transfer and capacity building for its full implementation. NDC 3.0 is fair and ambitious contribution towards global action on climate change. Nepal has extended the scope of the coverage of its quantified mitigation targets and policy and measures reflecting specific needs and special circumstances. This NDC reflects an increase in ambition consistent with economically efficient, cost-effective and fair share-based 1.5°C pathway informed by the latest available science, and national and sub-national policies and efforts. It is a continuation and expansion of efforts listed in the previous NDCs, and is aligned with the efforts to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2045 as detailed in its Long-term Strategy for Net-zero Emissions (LTS) (2021). The provision in the Paris Agreement to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5°C results in lower risks for Nepal when compared to 2°C or higher temperatures. Nepal’s climate-sensitive geography, and vulnerable socio-economic conditions make the country highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Rising temperatures have intensified both slow-onset events (increasing temperature, glacier melting, loss of biodiversity) and extreme events (floods, drought, landslides, Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, fires and heatwaves), severely affecting lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure. Nepal aspires to avoid the residual risks of climate change through strengthened adaptation and resilience-building. However, it also recognizes that not all risks are avoidable, and in such cases, seeks to address loss and damage through international finance. The NDC preparation process was a country-driven process following the principle of Leave No One Behind (LNOB) while integrating the principles of Just Transition, as well as Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI). The NDC preparation process was led by the Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE) in its capacity as the UN Climate Change focal point for Nepal, in close collaboration with line Ministries and Provincial Governments following an extensive and inclusive stakeholder consultation process involving the local governments, civil society organizations including youth, women, Persons with Disabilities, and Indigenous Peoples, private sector representatives, experts, academia, development partners, funders, media and members of parliament. Implementation of this NDC will contribute towards many co-benefits such as energy security, reduced air pollution, healthy people, increase in quality of life and income, social equity, ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, eco-tourism and climate resilience, which would also contribute significantly towards achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and eradication of poverty. | report | Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment | Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0 | Government of Nepal | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nepal%20NDC3.pdf | 1 | 1 | 40 | 26 | |||||
| 5133 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:35:45 PM | Saint Lucia, Government of (2025) "Saint Lucia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Department of Sustainable Development, Ministry of Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training.. | With this NDC submission, Saint Lucia updates its 2030 greenhouse gas mitigation target and submits a new target for 2035. The 2030 target is revised from 7% to 14.7% emissions reduction in the energy and transport sector (IPCC Energy sector), relative to 2010. This represents a sector wide target, covering all greenhouse gases and remains conditional upon access to sufficient financial and capacity building support. Saint Lucia pledges to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy and transport sectors by 22% in 2035, through enhanced deployment of wind and solar energy with battery storage, upgrades to the grid infrastructure, continued efforts to improve energy efficiency, and enhanced uptake of electric vehicles. Additionally, Saint Lucia adds a quantified target for the forestry sector, enhancing the sink capacity of the sector by 33 GgCO2 by 2035, relative to the 2010 base year greenhouse gas sink capacity of 251 GgCO2 per year. Further, Saint Lucia pledges to reduce emissions of ozone depleting substances under the IPCC industry sector from 83 GgCO2eq in the base time frame 2020-2022, and 133 GgCO2eq in 2025, to 75.4 GgCO2eq., equivalent to 10% lower than the base year, by 2035. These targets are conditional upon access to sufficient financial and capacity building support. Additionally, and conditional upon the successful exploration of the resource, Saint Lucia intends to add geothermal energy generation to its renewable energy mix by around 2035, which would bring overall energy sector emissions down by 32% in 2035, relative to 2010. The estimated capital expenditure to implement the mitigation commitments of NDC 3.0 is USD 247 million, plus USD 178 million for the geothermal plant, should the resource be productive, and an additional USD 84 million for grid upgrades. | report | Saint Lucia, Government of | Saint Lucia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Department of Sustainable Development, Ministry of Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training. | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-02/Saint%20Lucias%20Third%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf | 1 | 1 | 35 | 27 | |||||
| 5132 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:32:19 PM | Liberia, Government of the Republic of (2025) "Liberia’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0): Revised and Enhanced Climate Action Plan under the Paris Agreement" Government of the Republic of Liberia. | Climate change presents both a profound threat and a transformative opportunity for Liberia. I am proud to introduce our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), a strategic, inclusive roadmap for Liberia’s climate action and sustainable development. Liberia has long demonstrated commitment to global climate efforts, from the 2008 National Adaptation Programme of Action to the ongoing National Adaptation Plan process. We have ratified the Paris Agreement and pioneered REDD in West Africa. These efforts, while costly, reflect our prioritization of long-term planetary health over short-term economic gains. This revised NDC was shaped through a country-driven process led by the EPA in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. We engaged ministries, civil society, youth, women’s groups, academia, and the private sector, ensuring the NDC reflects Liberia’s diverse voices. Notably, inputs from the “Ganta Declaration” helped embed gender, youth, fresh water, and child protection into our climate goals. Compared to our NDC 2.0, this NDC expands sectoral coverage, introduces quantitative adaptation targets across seven sectors, and integrates cross-cutting issues. It aligns with the ARREST Agenda for Inclusive Development (2025–2029) and our SDG commitments, linking climate action with national development priorities. Enhanced transparency mechanisms, including an ICTU annex and strengthened MRV systems, will work towards accountability and effective implementation. Liberia reaffirms its ambitious 64% emissions reduction target by 2035. However, due to a change in the base year from 2015 to 2022, this target now represents a fourfold increase in absolute emissions reduction. The 2015 base year recorded emissions at 5,695 GgCO₂e, while the 2022 inventory based on improved data and methodologies, estimated emissions at 12,471 GgCO₂e. As a result, Liberia updated its BAU and mitigation targets. The revised 2035 goals are: Unconditional—5,551 GgCO₂e (10%); Conditional—29,974 GgCO₂e (54%) with international support. Notwithstanding, the stocktake report from the NDC 2.0 revealed that Liberia reduced 2,545 GgCO₂e between 2021-2024. The new ambition propels Liberia towards a greener future and sets a long-term vision for net-zero by 2050. We are committed to inclusive, resilient development and call on all partners to support the implementation of this NDC. Together, we will build a greener, safer Liberia and contribute meaningfully to global climate solutions. Emmanuel King Urey Yarkpawolo, PhD Executive Director EPA – Republic of Liberia | report | Liberia, Government of the Republic of | Liberia’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0): Revised and Enhanced Climate Action Plan under the Paris Agreement | Government of the Republic of Liberia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Liberias_2035_NDC_3.0_Final.pdf | 1 | 1 | 61 | 28 | |||||
| 5131 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:25:30 PM | Maldives Ministry of Tourism and Environment (2025) "Maldives’ Third Nationally Determined Contribution: National Climate Action Plan Towards Resilience and Low-Carbon Development (NDC 3.0)" Government of the Maldives. | Mitigation The Maldives’ mitigation actions and targets demonstrate a strong commitment to transitioning toward low-carbon development. The country is focused on enhancing energy security, improving the transport sector, and strengthening waste management systems to reduce emissions from these key sectors. However, as a small island developing state with limited resources, the successful implementation of the mitigation actions outlined in the NDC depends on receiving adequate support, including financial resources, access to technology, capacity-building, and other essential means of implementation. The Maldives’ 2035 Target The Maldives is committed to reduce 1.52 million tonnes of CO2 eq in 2035, conditional on receiving adequate support and financial resources, technology, capacity building, and other means of implementation in the context of sustainable development. Achieving this target will require significant international support to provide the necessary financing required to implement the mitigation actions required to achieve the target. | report | Maldives Ministry of Tourism and Environment | Maldives’ Third Nationally Determined Contribution: National Climate Action Plan Towards Resilience and Low-Carbon Development (NDC 3.0) | Government of the Maldives | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-02/Maldives%E2%80%99%20Third%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf | 1 | 1 | 50 | 29 | |||||
| 5130 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:18:11 PM | Cambodia (2025) "Cambodia's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Kingdom of Cambodia. | Cambodia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (Cambodia’s NDC 3.0) reaffirms the country’s strong commitment to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite contributing less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Cambodia has demonstrated leadership in climate governance to submit the Intended NDC in 2015, the Updated NDC in 2020, the Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN) in 2021 and its first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) in 2024. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 aligns with key national frameworks, including the Pentagonal Strategy – Phase I, the Circular Strategy on Environment 2023-2028 and the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2024–2033 (CCCSP 2024–2033), guiding the integration of climate action into national development priorities. The development of Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 was a highly participatory and inclusive process under the lead coordination of the Ministry of Environment and supported by UNDP under the Climate Promise initiative, as well as other UN agencies and development partners. It engaged over 650 stakeholders through 17 sectoral consultations and over 300 participants in four sub-national workshops. Participants included representatives from government ministries, development partners, NGOs, academia, women, youth, Indigenous Peoples, and persons with disabilities. The sectoral approach ensured alignment with national priorities and enhanced inter ministerial collaboration. It involved policy reviews, GHG modeling, and scenario analysis to identify ambitious yet feasible mitigation and adaptation measures. Special attention was given to gender equality and social inclusion (GESI), with dedicated training for CC-TWG members and consultations with marginalized groups. Meaningful youth engagement was a cornerstone of the process, culminating in the development of the National Youth Statement on Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 priorities. The private sector was also actively involved, particularly in discussions on carbon markets and sustainable industry practices. A total of 163 measures have been endorsed by the Line Ministries, comprising 49 mitigation measures, 75 adaptation measures, and 39 enabling measures. | report | Cambodia | Cambodia's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Kingdom of Cambodia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-08/Cambodia-NDC%203.0_0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 158 | 30 | |||||
| 5129 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 4:46:06 PM | Mongolia, Government of (2025) "Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) of Mongolia" Government of Mongolia. | Mongolia ratified and joined the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on September 1, 2016. This obligated the country to contribute to and cooperate in global efforts on climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to protect its citizens from related impacts and risk. It also creates opportunities to work closely with international partner organizations and developed country partners on solving the pressing issues related to the global climate change challenges with their support. In this context, Mongolia developed the “Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)” document in 2015, setting a target of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 14 percent by 2030 compared to 2010 levels, and planned interventions to adapt to climate change. Subsequently, in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement, the updated “Nationally Determined Contribution” (NDC2.0) document was developed and approved by the Cabinet. More ambitious interventions are being implemented in the environmental, social and economic sectors to increase the target of reducing GHG emissions by to 22.7 percent, adapting to climate change, and reducing the risks. These integrated goals and measures are being implemented in accordance with the main requirements of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, and national and sectoral development programmes and plans. Mongolia reaffirms the calls for action in the first global stocktake (GST1) decision, adopted by the 5th Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA), including the call for all Parties to contribute to the global efforts to successfully achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global climate change to 1.5°C and accelerate the transition to more sustainable and resilient development pathways in a just, orderly, and equitable manner. Recalling the Article 4.8 of the Paris Agreement, as well as other CMA decisions and guidance (Decision 4/CMA.1, etc.), Mongolia provides descriptive and contextual information to enhance the clarity, transparency, and understanding (ICTU) of mitigation and adaptation targets and interventions identified in its NDC 3.0. | report | Mongolia, Government of | Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) of Mongolia | Government of Mongolia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Mongolia%20NDC3_0%20under%20UNFCCC_PA%20FINAL.pdf | 1 | 1 | 31 | ||||||
| 5128 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 2:33:50 PM | Belize National Climate Change Office, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Solid Waste Management (2025) "Belize’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Government of Belize. | Belize remains dedicated to increasing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets while strengthening adaptive capacities and addressing vulnerabilities across key sectors. Building upon its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2021 and developed through an inclusive process involving multiple of stakeholders, policymakers, and experts. This NDC 3.0 is more ambitious in terms of the quantified avoided emission targets within the Energy, Waste, and Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors. Overall, the NDC 3.0 aims to avoid cumulative GHG emissions of 6,234 kTonCO₂e by 2035 when compared against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, an increase from the 5,647 kTonCO₂e of cumulative avoided emissions targeted by 2030 in the previous NDC. Within the Energy sector, which covers electricity and transport, the combined cumulative emission avoidance target for the NDC 3.0 is set at 453 and 1,103 kTCO₂e by 2030 and 2035 respectively, compared to 2020 BAU levels. For this, Belize plans to install 100 MW of utility-scale solar power and 20 MW of onshore wind power by 2035, supported by increasing the adoption target of electric vehicles to 10% and 25% in private and public transport, respectively. In the Waste sector, cumulative emission avoidance amounting to 8.5 kTCO₂e * 21 kTCO₂e by 2030 and 2035 respectively, while the AFOLU sector is expected to increase its cumulative carbon sequestration potential from 2,555 kTCO₂e in 2030 to 5,110 kTCO₂e in 2035 from 2020 BAU levels. These targets are conditional upon access to sufficient financial, technical and human capacity support. Upon securing the necessary climate finance, Belize intends to advance, among other interventions, its climate-smart agriculture and sustainable land management. Preliminary estimates suggest total capital expenditure of about 1.55 billion USD over the coming decade, which are divided into an estimated 609 million USD for the Energy and Waste sectors, 412 million USD for the AFOLU sector, and 534 million USD for other adaptation efforts. Belize remains committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, where it has laid out a Long Term Low-Emissions Development Strategy (LT-LEDS). By bridging short-term goals and long-term ambitions, NDC 3.0 positions Belize to enhance cross-sectoral coordination and maintain momentum toward its 2050 net-zero objective. | report | Belize National Climate Change Office, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Solid Waste Management | Belize’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Government of Belize | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-06/BELIZE%20FINAL%20NDC%203.0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 128 | 32 | |||||
| 5127 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 2:27:10 PM | Bangladesh Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (2025) "Bangladesh's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. | Bangladesh proposes its NDC 3.0 as a global commitment to the Paris Agreement as well as a national plan for low-carbon, climate-resilient development. Base Year Scenario 2022: In 2022, total emissions were 252.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent (MtCO₂eq). Energy was the largest source (123.01 MtCO2eq, 48.81%), mainly from power generation, transport, industry, households, and fugitive emissions. AFOLU followed (95.35 Mt, 37.83%), dominated by livestock and rice cultivation. Waste contributed 26.95 Mt (10.69%), while IPPU accounted for 6.73 Mt (2.67%). Business-as-Usual (BAU) 2035: Emissions are projected to rise sharply to 418.40 MtCO₂eq by 2035 under BAU, driven by population growth, urbanization, industrial expansion, and rising energy demand. Mitigation Targets 2035: In the unconditional scenarios, Bangladesh will achieve a reduction of 26.74 MtCO₂eq, representing a 6.39% decrease from the business-as-usual (BAU) projections for 2035; whereas in the Conditional Scenarios, Bangladesh will achieve a decrease of 58.23 MtCO₂eq (13.92%) by 2035 compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) baseline. Energy Sector: By 2035, mitigation in energy will deliver 69.84 MtCO₂eq reduction. Measures include renewable expansion (solar, wind, biogas), cutting transmission losses, phasing out liquid-fuel peaking plants, electrifying 348 km of rail, shifting to MRT/BRT, promoting EVs, and improving industrial efficiency. Solar irrigation, rooftop solar, clean cooking, efficient appliances, and carbon trading for fugitive emission reductions round out the package. IPPU Sector: A reduction of 0.64 MtCO₂eq is targeted. Key actions include CCUS technology in new fertilizer plants and the phasedown of ozone-depleting substances by 10% below Bangladesh’s target under the Kigali Amendment. AFOLU Sector: By 2035, mitigation in the AFOLU will achieve a 12.71 MtCO₂eq reduction. Priority actions include Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) in irrigated rice, adoption of short-duration varieties, precision fertilizer use, livestock feed improvement, and advanced manure management, including biogas, compost, and biochar. Forestry actions prioritize reforestation, coastal afforestation, and conservation of existing forests. Waste Sector: Mitigation in the waste sector will deliver a 1.78 MtCO₂eq reduction below BAU level. Actions include four landfill gas recovery/waste-to-energy plants, 26 integrated landfill and material recovery facilities, six sewage treatment plants, and sludge treatment systems. These improve methane management, recycling, and sanitation. National Adaptation Priorities: Guided by the NAP (2023–2050), 65 interventions across water, disaster management, agriculture, fisheries, ecosystems, urban systems, and institutional capacity are prioritized for 2035. Examples include coastal polders, climate-smart agriculture, climate-resilient livestock, mangrove restoration, urban drainage, and gender-sensitive cyclone shelters. Loss and Damage: Bangladesh experiences around USD 3 billion in annual climate damages (around 1% of GDP), with cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves driving losses. Bangladesh demands full international support for recovery, restoration, and resilience-building across food, infrastructure, water, and biodiversity sectors. Cross-cutting Issues: Acknowledging that climate impacts fall disproportionately on vulnerable groups, Bangladesh is adopting a human rights–based approach and incorporates Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) principles on its NDC 3.0. It commits to nondiscrimination, inclusivity, participation, and accountability, empowering women, children, and youth, and persons with disabilities as agents of change through strengthened and inclusive institutional platforms and participatory processes. With more than half of the country’s population under the age of 35 in the country, Bangladesh recognizes that children and youth are not only leaders of tomorrow but also critical actors today. NDC 3.0 will integrate climate education across curricula, promote green skills, and expand opportunities for decent work in mitigation activities under NDC 3.0, ensuring that the benefits of the low-carbon transition are equitably shared. Essential social sectors including education, health, nutrition, and WASH will be strengthened to withstand climate impacts while contributing to low-carbon pathways. Finally, NDC 3.0 is anchored in a just transition pathway grounded in climate justice, ensuring that the shift toward low-carbon development delivers equitable benefits, protects livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and extends social protection for vulnerable communities. Just Transition: Bangladesh’s NDC 3.0 integrates a strong focus on Just Transition to ensure that climate action is not only environment-friendly but also socially inclusive and economically viable. The strategy prioritizes decent work, equity, and protection for vulnerable groups such as workers in carbon-intensive sectors, women, youth, and informal laborers. Transition pathways cover key sectors—including energy, industry, transport, agriculture, forestry, land use, waste, and the circular economy—through measures like renewable energy deployment, industrial efficiency, electric mobility, climate-smart agriculture, and formalization of waste workers. Crosscutting actions emphasize reskilling, financial support, social protection, and inclusive stakeholder engagement, underpinned by transparency, accountability, and measurable indicators. A National Just Transition Policy Framework will guide sectoral plans to align decarbonization with sustainable livelihoods and social equity. Means of Implementation: To achieveNDC 3.0 mitigation targets, Bangladesh needs USD 116.18 billion in total of which USD 25.95 billion is for unconditional targets and USD 90.23 billion is from international climate finance support for meeting the conditional targets. Full achievement of NDC 3.0 ambition depends on scaled-up international finance, technology transfer, and capacity building to unlock higher ambition and secure a sustainable future for present and future generations. Bangladesh will mobilize resources through bilateral and multilateral partners, green bonds, concessional finance, result-based climate finance, public–private partnerships, and international carbon markets. Investment in skills development, governance, and innovation will enable a transparent and accountable MRV system to track mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The NDC 3.0 places Bangladesh as a climate-vulnerable yet ambitious nation, aligning low-carbon development with resilience, equity, and climate justice. Despite contributing less than 0.5% of global emissions, Bangladesh is committing to ambitious climate action that far exceeds its fair share. Bangladesh calls upon the world—particularly the developed nations—to act with fairness and solidarity, ensuring that vulnerable nations are not left behind, so that together humanity secures a safer, more just, and sustainable future. | report | Bangladesh Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change | Bangladesh's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Bangladesh%20Third%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20%28NDC%203.0%29.pdf | 1 | 1 | 80 | 33 | |||||
| 5126 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 2:05:41 PM | Jamaica Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change; Brecha, Robert; Sircar, Arunima, Yada, A. (2025) "Jamaica’s NDC 3.0 Technical Report" Climate Change Branch, under the Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change, Government of Jamaica.. | This report presents the technical analysis, modelling results, and NDC 3.0 targets that informed Jamaica’s NDC 3.0. It additionally explores mitigation co-bene ts of adaptation actions, and synergies with Sustainable Development Goals relating to the mitigation actions. The report finally highlights Jamaica’s key priorities relating to key elements for consideration that are necessary to reduce ambition and pursue further climate action: carbon markets, loss and damage, just transition, climate finance, research, development and training, capacity-building, and youth engagement and gender mainstreaming. Jamaica remains committed to climate action and reducing its greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement framework. Through NDC 3.0, the country introduces more ambitious 2030 targets and new targets for 2035, re ecting increased ambition and a strategic shift towards an economy-wide mitigation approach. NDC 3.0’s quantitative sectoral coverage includes energy, transport and industry, and qualitatively, the forestry sector. The targets are also mapped against 2012 base year emissions. Jamaica now commits to: UNCONDITIONAL REDUCTIONS OF: 26.33% by 2030 27.12% by 2035 CONDITIONALS TARGETS OF: 30.59% by 2030 41.72% by 2035 (contingent on international support) | report | Jamaica Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change; Brecha, Robert; Sircar, Arunima, Yada, A. | Jamaica’s NDC 3.0 Technical Report | Climate Change Branch, under the Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change, Government of Jamaica. | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-10/NDC_Report_Oct12.pdf | 1 | 1 | 81 | 34 | |||||
| 5125 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:50:47 PM | Nigeria National Council on Climate Change (2025) "Nigeria's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Federal Republic of Nigeria. | The Federal Republic of Nigeria ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 29 August 2004 as a Non-Annex 1 Party, its Kyoto Protocol on 10 December 2004 and the Paris Agreement (PA) on 16 May 2017. In doing so, Nigeria affirmed its commitment to the global agenda towards meeting the objective of Article 2, paragraphs 1(a) and 1(b) of the PA. As per Article 4, paragraph 1 of the PA, Nigeria has committed to achieving netzero emissions by 2060. Additionally, as a Party to the lobal Methane Pledge,Nigeria has committed to eliminate routine flaring by 2030 and to reduce fugitive emissions from leaks in the oil and gas industry by 95% by 2050. Nigeria submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution2 (INDC) in 2015 to conform with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the Conference of the Parties (CoP). In line with Article 4 of the PA and Decision 1/CP.21 of the UNFCCC, Nigeria revised its INDC, to produce its NDC 2.0 in 2021, and is now presenting its third version (NDC 3.0). Nigeria has also prepared and submitted its Long-Term Low-Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) in 2024, two Biennial Update Reports (BURs), and its first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) in December 2024 to inform the Convention of its emissions, progress in implementing mitigation and adaptation, and support received and needed. Furthermore, Nigeria has prepared and submitted its Adaptation Communication (ADCOM) in 2022 and is completing the preparation of its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) after finalising the country’s Climate Risk Assessment Report (CRAR). The Federal Republic of Nigeria sets an ambitious target to achieve an absolute emissions reduction of 184.9 Mt CO2e in 2035 from the emissions of 573.5 Mt CO2e in 2018, which represents a 32.2% reduction. The total mitigation potential for each sector is as follows: the energy sector, including both fugitive emissions and solid fuel transformation, is 31.2 Mt CO2e; the fuel combustion sector totals 103.4 Mt CO2e; the IPPU sector has a combined potential of 14.0 Mt CO2e; the agriculture sector contributes 2.1 Mt CO2e; the LULUCF sector has a mitigation potential of 347.9 Mt CO2e; and the waste sector has a total of 12.5 Mt CO2e. Looking at specific high-impact measures, the Federal Republic of Nigeria emphasizes several key areas with a mitigation potential of over 20 Mt CO2e. In the energy sector, the goal to achieve a 60% reduction in fugitive emissions (leaks and venting) from the oil and gas industry is a major focus with a mitigation potential of 27.3 Mt CO2e. The transport sector also stands out, with a significant mitigation potential of 44.3 Mt CO2e from the widespread adoption of electric and CNG vehicles. Additionally, within the LULUCF sector, Nigeria aims to lower the deforestation rate by 60%, which offers a substantial mitigation potential of 304.8 Mt CO2e, while also pursuing a mitigation potential of 34.4 Mt CO2e by increasing forest area through reforestation and afforestation. | report | Nigeria National Council on Climate Change | Nigeria's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Federal Republic of Nigeria | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Nigeria%20NDC%203.0%20-%20Transimission%20Version%202.pdf | 1 | 1 | 70 | 35 | |||||
| 5124 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:43:38 PM | Maroc, Gouvernement du (2025) "Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National CDN 3.0 Du Maroc (NDC3.0)" Gouvernement du Maroc. | Le Royaume du Maroc a l’honneur de soumettre sa Contribution Déterminée au niveau National (CDN 3.0) pour la période 2026-2035 au Secrétariat de la CCNUCC, conformément à l’Accord de Paris notamment ses articles 4.2 et 4.11 ainsi qu’au paragraphe 24 de la décision 1/CP.21. Bien que faiblement émetteur de Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES), le Maroc demeure fortement vulnérable aux impacts du changement climatique. La Cinquième Communication Nationale (CN5) du Maroc projette une évolution marquée par un climat plus chaud et plus sec à l’horizon 2050. Les températures moyennes annuelles devraient augmenter de plus de 3 °C à l’échelle nationale, avec des hausses pouvant atteindre jusqu’à 5 °C dans certaines régions du pays. Parallèlement, les précipitations annuelles devraient diminuer de manière généralisée sur l’ensemble du territoire, avec des baisses principalement comprises entre 5 et 15 %, pouvant atteindre jusqu’à 20 % dans certaines zones. Cette évolution est susceptible de provoquer un appauvrissement des ressources en eau, une variabilité accrue des saisons pluvieuses ainsi qu’une vulnérabilité renforcée face aux épisodes de sécheresse. À titre d’exemple, l’année 2023 s’est révélée être la plus sèche depuis au moins huit décennies, avec un déficit pluviométrique estimé à 48 %. Une telle situation accentue un stress hydrique déjà particulièrement préoccupant : les ressources renouvelables sont passées de 2 560 à environ 620 m³ par habitant durant les six dernières décennies (1960-2025), situant le pays à un niveau critique, très proche du seuil de pénurie absolue fixé à 500 m³. Ces changements se traduisent par une augmentation de la fréquence et de l’intensité des vagues de chaleur, la recrudescence des incendies de forêts, l’accentuation du stress thermique ainsi qu’une pression croissante sur les ressources en eau. À cet égard, le Maroc a enregistré en 2023 un total de 26 événements météorologiques extrêmes ayant donné lieu à des bulletins d’alerte, parmi lesquels des averses orageuses intenses (35 %), des vagues de chaleur (30 %), des chutes de neige (19 %) et des vents forts (16 %). Compte tenu de la gravité et du coût élevé de ces impacts, l’adaptation s’affirme comme une priorité stratégique de premier ordre. À cet égard, le Maroc réaffirme sa détermination à contribuer activement à la réponse mondiale face au défi des changements climatiques, dans le cadre du développement durable et de la lutte contre la pauvreté. Dans cette perspective, la politique nationale du Maroc en matière de lutte contre les changements climatiques trouve son ancrage institutionnel dans la Stratégie Nationale de Développement Durable (SNDD 2035), qui promeut un développement équilibré et durable, en cohérence avec les Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD 2030), le Nouveau Modèle de Développement (NMD 2035) et la feuille de route nationale bas carbone à l’horizon 2050. Cette stratégie couvre six domaines de transformation majeurs directement liés aux enjeux climatiques, notamment : la sécurité hydrique, énergétique et alimentaire, le développement d’une économie compétitive et sobre en carbone ainsi que la valorisation et la résilience des ressources et écosystèmes naturels face aux changement climatique. Elle repose par ailleurs sur plusieurs leviers de changement, à savoir : le capital humain, le numérique, l’innovation, la recherche, les réformes réglementaires, les instruments économiques et fiscaux, ainsi qu’une planification territoriale intégrée. Outre la SNDD, la politique du Maroc se traduit par le biais d’autres documents stratégiques, en particulier, le Plan Climat National (PCN) et le Plan National Stratégique d’Adaptation (PNSA), la Contribution Déterminée au niveau National (CDN), les stratégies sectorielles spécifiques ainsi que des Plans Climatiques Territoriaux et des Plans d’Adaptation Régionaux. L’objectif ultime consiste à rendre le territoire national plus résilient face au changement climatique tout en assurant une transition vers une économie sobre en carbone. Pour renforcer la mise en œuvre de sa politique climatique et rehausser son ambition, le Maroc s’est engagé dans un processus d’élaboration de la CDN 3.0 en se basant sur une démarche participative et inclusive impliquant les différentes parties prenantes, particulièrement les institutions publiques, le secteur privé, la société civile, les syndicats, les régions ainsi que les femmes et les jeunes. Ce processus a été accompagné par la Commission Nationale des Changements Climatiques et de la Diversité Biologique, qui a assuré l’examen et la validation des résultats de la CDN 3.0. Elle a exercé ses prérogatives en matière de concertation, de coordination et de suivi de la mise en œuvre des engagements climatiques du Maroc. La CDN 3.0 marque une progression significative par rapport à la CDN 2.0 publiée en 2021 en rehaussant l’ambition en matière d’atténuation des émissions des GES notamment par la prise en compte de nouveaux GES, et en ciblant de renforcer davantage la capacité d’adaptation et de résilience par l’inclusion de nouveaux secteurs et domaines (Equipement - Transport et Diversité Biologique). S’alignant avec les recommandations du Premier Bilan Mondial de 2023, tripler la capacité mondiale des énergies renouvelables d’ici 2030, doubler le rythme d’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique, réduire progressivement la production et l’utilisation du charbon, la CDN 3.0 représente le niveau d’ambition maximal possible. Elle définit, en tenant compte des circonstances nationales, des cibles et mesures de mise en œuvre dans le respect du principe des Responsabilités Communes mais Différenciées et des Capacités Respectives des pays. Le potentiel national d’atténuation de la CDN 3.0 s’élève à 53 % de réduction des émissions de GES d’ici 2035, au lieu de 45.5% fixé dans la CDN 2.0 pour 2030. Cet objectif est établi par rapport aux émissions projetées à la même échéance selon un scénario de référence basé sur le cours normal des affaires. Il se décline en une réduction inconditionnelle de 21,6 % à l’horizon 2035, comparée à 18,3 % visés dans la CDN 2.0 pour 2030, qui sera mis en œuvre grâce à des ressources financières sécurisées et alignées à la planification budgétaire de l’Etat. De même, cette CDN 3.0 est marquée par un objectif de réduction conditionnelle de 31,4 % à l’horizon 2035, contre 27,2 % pour la CDN 2.0 à l’horizon 2030 dont l’atteinte dépendra de la mobilisation de l’appui international requis. La CDN 3.0 a été également une opportunité pour une meilleure structuration des projets d’adaptation et de renforcement de la résilience dans plusieurs secteurs. Dans ce contexte, un portefeuille de 90 projets d’atténuation a été élaboré, nécessitant un financement estimé à 60 Milliards USD. Les objectifs de la CDN3.0 s’inscrivent pleinement dans la concrétisation de la feuille de route nationale bas carbone, qui oriente les politiques du Maroc vers un modèle de développement durable et sobre en carbone à l’horizon 2050. D’autre part, compte tenu de la vulnérabilité du pays aux impacts des changements climatiques, la CDN 3.0 vient renforcer l’action en matière d’alerte, de prévention des risques climatiques et d’adaptation, et ce dans la perspective de réduire les pertes et les préjudices que le pays subit déjà. A cet effet, 80 objectifs sectoriels d’adaptation ont été identifiés à l’horizon 2035. Ces objectifs se déclinent en 107 projets d’adaptation, répartis entre 61 projets inconditionnels et 46 projets conditionnels. À noter que la CDN 3.0 du Maroc prévoit une approche intégrée de la prévention et de la gestion des risques des effets extrêmes, afin d’assurer la sécurité et la protection des personnes, des biens et des écosystèmes. Les besoins en financement pour l’adaptation sont estimés à un total d’environ 36 Milliards USD. La CDN 3.0 capitalise sur la Stratégie de Développement de la Finance Climat (SDFC 2030), reconnaissant le rôle que peut jouer le secteur privé et visant la promotion de la finance climatique à travers trois piliers clés : (i) améliorer l’accès au financement pour les projets climatiques, notamment par le biais d’instruments et de mécanismes financiers innovants, (ii)renforcer l’environnement propice à l’investissement climatique et (iii) promouvoir une transition juste et inclusive en renforçant les capacités et en facilitant l’accès aux financements verts en faveur des Etablissements et Entreprises durables. Le Royaume du Maroc apporte une contribution méthodologique novatrice au processus de révision des CDNs, en mettant en avant l’importance de l’efficacité économique ainsi que les co-bénéfices environnementaux et sociaux des actions climatiques. Dans ce sens, l’utilisation de l’indicateur du coût moyen d’abattement sectoriel (USD/T éq.CO2 réduite) constitue non seulement un outil de comparaison de la performance sectorielle du pays en matière de réduction des émissions des GES tenant compte de l’ampleur des investissements requis et du volume des réductions associées, mais aussi, il permettrait de comparer ladite performance entre pays, entre groupe de pays ou à l’échelle mondiale. L’utilisation de cet indicateur serait à même d’agréger les efforts des pays dans les secteurs les plus émetteurs et d’estimer les progrès à réaliser en matière de réduction des émissions des GES. Il constituerait une base pour rehausser notre ambition collective, tout en orientant les investissements et les flux financiers vers une trajectoire sobre en carbone à l’horizon 2035. Enfin, il apporterait une contribution utile au deuxième Bilan Mondial de 2028, afin de guider l’action commune face à l’urgence climatique. Par ailleurs, le Maroc affiche son grand intérêt pour les mécanismes du marché carbone afin de mobiliser des financements additionnels. Pour exploiter ce potentiel de manière concrète, le pays a déjà entrepris plusieurs démarches pour rendre opérationnels les approches coopératives de l’article 6 de l’Accord de Paris et il est engagé dans le développement des activités éligibles sur son territoire. De plus, le Royaume a déployé, pour une première experience, un effort inédit d’alignement entre les ambitions climatiques inscrites dans sa CDN et sa planification budgétaire nationale. En articulant le développement de la CDN 3.0 avec la Programmation Budgétaire Triennale (PBT 2026-2028), le pays garantit une meilleure cohérence entre les engagements climatiques et les ressources publiques mobilisées. Cet exercice permet de renforcer la visibilité, la crédibilité, la transparence et la soutenabilité budgétaire des engagements climatiques du Maroc. Il illustre ainsi un modèle de gouvernance financière respectueux du climat, plaçant la transition climatique au cœur de la gestion des finances publiques et renforçant la confiance des partenaires financiers. Ce dispositif est déployé territorialement afin d’impliquer les collectivités et parties prenantes locales et ancrer la transition climatique dans tous les territoires. La CDN 3.0 est profondément ancrée dans la dimension sociale et promeut une transition juste et inclusive. Elle intègre les principes de l’équité, l’égalité des genres et l’employabilité. Son élaboration a été un processus largement participatif, marqué par la mobilisation intensive de l’ensemble des parties prenantes politiques et sociétales : jeunes, syndicats, points focaux genre et représentants des territoires. Le Maroc, en plaçant ces priorités sociales et territoriales au centre de sa CDN 3.0, réaffirme son rôle d’acteur dynamique dans le programme climatique global. Son engagement ne se limite pas à l’ambition de l’atténuation des émissions des GES, de l’adaptation et au renforcement de la résilience, mais s’étend à la justice sociale et à l’équité, assurant que chaque citoyen et chaque territoire bénéficient des retombées positives de cette action. | report | Maroc, Gouvernement du | Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National CDN 3.0 Du Maroc (NDC3.0) | Gouvernement du Maroc | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-10/MOROCCO%20NDC%203.0%20_30.9.25.pdf | 1 | 1 | 107 | 36 | |||||
| 5123 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:32:10 PM | Fiji Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (2025) "Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution 2025-2035" Government of Fiji. | Fiji submits this third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0) amid the worsening impacts of the climate crisis. Global efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions remain critically insufficient in relation to the reductions required to meet the Paris Agreement's core objective of limiting warming to 1.5°C. For Fiji, a Small Island Developing State on the front lines of this crisis, the potential breach of this agreed and scientifically based guardrail presents an unpreceded threat to our national security. Current climate change projections for Fiji are clear that overshooting the 1. 5°C limit will lead to the dramatic intensification of localised climate impacts on our people, ecosystems, and economy. Rising seas, intensifying cyclones, and changing climate patterns already compound Fiji's socioeconomic challenges, directly threatening communities, livelihoods, and human rights. This reality underpins the ‘Climate Emergency’ declared through the passage of Fiji’s CCA of 2021. It is in this context of acute vulnerability that we present our enhanced and expanded commitments under the Paris Agreement. As a long-standing leader in global climate action-as the first nation to ratify the Paris Agreement, first SIDS to host the UNFCCC COP-Fiji recognises the moral imperative to champion greater international ambition. We welcome the recent advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligations of states with respect to climate change and call on all Parties to submit and implement NDCs that reflect their fair respective contribution to the global effort to preserve the 1.5°C limit and ensure compliance with the full common but differentiated responsibilities of all Parties under the UNFCCC and it’s Paris Agreement. This NDC has been developed with the rigorous due diligence required to ensure its commitments are both ambitious and achievable. Our mitigation targets are informed by the First Global Stocktake, Fiji’s 2023 National Inventory Report, and the latest sectoral data, aligning our national action with both the requirements of the 1.5°C target and our standing commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century. Simultaneously, our adaptation and loss and damage objectives are grounded in the best available science, current climate trends, and localised multi-model scenarios, fulfilling the State’s duty to protect the rights and freedoms of all Fijians. Through this submission for the 2025-2035 period, Fiji reaffirms its commitment to the Paris Agreement. We continue to strive for a future where all nations can pursue equitable, sustainable, and resilient low-emission development pathways that protect the most vulnerable, preserve our shared environmental heritage, and deliver climate justice. | report | Fiji Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change | Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution 2025-2035 | Government of Fiji | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/Fiji%20NDC3.0_Final.pdf | 1 | 1 | 76 | 37 | |||||
| 5122 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:23:44 PM | Mozambique National Directorate for Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries (2025) "Mozambique's Provisional NDC 3.0" Republic of Mozambique. | Mozambique submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on October 1st, 2015, in accordance with Decision 1/CP.19, which invited parties to submit their INDCs prior to the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21, and following the guidance provided in Decision 1/CP.20, which provided guidance for the development of INDCs. The INDC became Mozambique's First Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 1.0) 2020-2030 on June 4th, 2018, the date on which the country became a Party to the Paris Agreement, in accordance with Decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 22. In line with Decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 24, and Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement, which requires parties to communicate or update their NDCs every 5 years, Mozambique submitted its first update of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 2.0) to the UNFCCC on November 1st, 2021, with an implementation period of 2021-2025. Following the provisions outlined in that same decision and article, Mozambique has now embarked on the development of a second update of the NDC (NDC 3.0) covering the 2026-2035 implementation period. This document presents the provisional communication of Mozambique's NDC3.0 under the Paris Agreement. Mozambique's NDC 3.0 is being prepared following a participatory and comprehensive whole-of-society approach, involving government, the private sector, civil society and academia, and relying on the technical expertise and assistance of several international partners. The goal is to produce a robust, high-quality NDC that is also realistic, investable and implementable, and that is aligned with the country's sustainable development priorities and national circumstances. | report | Mozambique National Directorate for Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries | Mozambique's Provisional NDC 3.0 | Republic of Mozambique | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/Mozambique%20ProvNDC_ENG.pdf | 1 | 1 | 25 | 38 | |||||
| 5121 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 12:47:44 PM | The Bahamas (2025) "Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" Climate Change and Environmental Advisory Unit (CCEAU). | A decade ago, 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement to establish a legally binding international framework, which would facilitate a global and coordinated response to climate change. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, The Commonwealth of The Bahamas outlined its proposed climate action goals in its submitted Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Over the past decade, the Government of The Bahamas has sought to support these goals with the use of policies and legislation, as well as partnerships. Similar to The Bahamas’ NDC 2.0, the means of implementing NDC 3.0 are 100% conditional for all targets identified; based on the availability of financial resources, access to technology and support. However, despite limited finances and the country’s minuscule contribution to increasing global greenhouse gas concentrations, The Government of The Bahamas remains committed to proactive, solution-oriented climate action driven by best available science and innovative financing tools to achieve these goals. It is envisaged that Article 6 financing will drive a significant percentage of conditional ambition for the NDC 3.0 period. NDC 3.0 builds upon the 2022 Updated NDC (NDC 2.0), further demonstrating The Bahamas’ commitment to the enhancement and implementation of its climate mitigation and adaptation goals. NDC 3.0 also illustrates The Bahamas’ resilience in the face of significant losses and damages resulting from continuous climate impacts, and the country’s climate vulnerabilities. Moreover, NDC 3.0 underscores our commitment to meet and exceed targets through impactful national projects and partnerships. Against this backdrop, the Government of The Bahamas established the Ministry of Energy and Transport (MOET) which has the responsibility for leading a national energy and transportation reform. This includes modernising systems, implementing a sustainable network with utility-scale solar projects throughout the Commonwealth, and upgrading the country’s transmission and distribution lines. Moreover, the Government has secured financing to support the country’s first National Adaptation Plan (NAP), which will include sectoral plans. Furthermore, with the establishment of the National Emissions Registry (NER), the Government has created an electronic database, which will assist in the development of updated national greenhouse gas inventories, while supporting NDC mitigation tracking. Additionally, in May 2025, The Bahamas published a revised National Energy Policy (2025-2030) and has committed to its revision every five years, in keeping with the NDC submission cycle. While NDC 3.0 outlines our climate actions and goals, this document also takes a deep dive into a greater need for more ambitious adaptation measures. The Bahamas recognises that even if the country were to transition to a net zero economy today, it would still not be enough to reduce or eliminate our vulnerabilities to the existential threats of climate change.Consequently, The Bahamas continues to strongly advocate for increased climate finance support that targets adaptation actions. Through meaningful partnerships and stakeholder engagements, The Bahamas has made great strides in its climate efforts. Notwithstanding these efforts, it is important that the country develops a robust and comprehensive NDC tracking mechanism that will monitor and measure the impact of our climate actions as identified in our NDCs. The Bahamas stands ready to receive support that will allow the country to effectively and comprehensively monitor, measure, and evaluate its climate mitigation and adaptation actions. Although The Bahamas is a small island state with limited resources, our country remains committed to the Paris Agreement and to the advancement of ambitious NDCs. Moreover, the climate targets set out in this document are not only being proposed to curb emissions, but to increase adaptation, climate resilience, and sustainable development co-benefits. For The Bahamas, NDC 3.0 is not a “wish list”, alternatively, NDC 3.0 represents urgent climate actions and measures required to ensure a resilient future for our islands and our people. | report | The Bahamas | Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | Climate Change and Environmental Advisory Unit (CCEAU) | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/The%20Bahamas%20NDC%203.0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 153 | 39 |