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| ID | Year | Created | Publication | Abstract | Item Type | Authors | Title | DOI | Journal | URL | Countries | Sectors | Volume | Issue | ISSN | Pages | UCAuthors | Index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5127 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 2:27:10 PM | Bangladesh Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (2025) "Bangladesh's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh. | Bangladesh proposes its NDC 3.0 as a global commitment to the Paris Agreement as well as a national plan for low-carbon, climate-resilient development. Base Year Scenario 2022: In 2022, total emissions were 252.04 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent (MtCO₂eq). Energy was the largest source (123.01 MtCO2eq, 48.81%), mainly from power generation, transport, industry, households, and fugitive emissions. AFOLU followed (95.35 Mt, 37.83%), dominated by livestock and rice cultivation. Waste contributed 26.95 Mt (10.69%), while IPPU accounted for 6.73 Mt (2.67%). Business-as-Usual (BAU) 2035: Emissions are projected to rise sharply to 418.40 MtCO₂eq by 2035 under BAU, driven by population growth, urbanization, industrial expansion, and rising energy demand. Mitigation Targets 2035: In the unconditional scenarios, Bangladesh will achieve a reduction of 26.74 MtCO₂eq, representing a 6.39% decrease from the business-as-usual (BAU) projections for 2035; whereas in the Conditional Scenarios, Bangladesh will achieve a decrease of 58.23 MtCO₂eq (13.92%) by 2035 compared to the Business As Usual (BAU) baseline. Energy Sector: By 2035, mitigation in energy will deliver 69.84 MtCO₂eq reduction. Measures include renewable expansion (solar, wind, biogas), cutting transmission losses, phasing out liquid-fuel peaking plants, electrifying 348 km of rail, shifting to MRT/BRT, promoting EVs, and improving industrial efficiency. Solar irrigation, rooftop solar, clean cooking, efficient appliances, and carbon trading for fugitive emission reductions round out the package. IPPU Sector: A reduction of 0.64 MtCO₂eq is targeted. Key actions include CCUS technology in new fertilizer plants and the phasedown of ozone-depleting substances by 10% below Bangladesh’s target under the Kigali Amendment. AFOLU Sector: By 2035, mitigation in the AFOLU will achieve a 12.71 MtCO₂eq reduction. Priority actions include Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) in irrigated rice, adoption of short-duration varieties, precision fertilizer use, livestock feed improvement, and advanced manure management, including biogas, compost, and biochar. Forestry actions prioritize reforestation, coastal afforestation, and conservation of existing forests. Waste Sector: Mitigation in the waste sector will deliver a 1.78 MtCO₂eq reduction below BAU level. Actions include four landfill gas recovery/waste-to-energy plants, 26 integrated landfill and material recovery facilities, six sewage treatment plants, and sludge treatment systems. These improve methane management, recycling, and sanitation. National Adaptation Priorities: Guided by the NAP (2023–2050), 65 interventions across water, disaster management, agriculture, fisheries, ecosystems, urban systems, and institutional capacity are prioritized for 2035. Examples include coastal polders, climate-smart agriculture, climate-resilient livestock, mangrove restoration, urban drainage, and gender-sensitive cyclone shelters. Loss and Damage: Bangladesh experiences around USD 3 billion in annual climate damages (around 1% of GDP), with cyclones, floods, droughts, and heatwaves driving losses. Bangladesh demands full international support for recovery, restoration, and resilience-building across food, infrastructure, water, and biodiversity sectors. Cross-cutting Issues: Acknowledging that climate impacts fall disproportionately on vulnerable groups, Bangladesh is adopting a human rights–based approach and incorporates Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI) principles on its NDC 3.0. It commits to nondiscrimination, inclusivity, participation, and accountability, empowering women, children, and youth, and persons with disabilities as agents of change through strengthened and inclusive institutional platforms and participatory processes. With more than half of the country’s population under the age of 35 in the country, Bangladesh recognizes that children and youth are not only leaders of tomorrow but also critical actors today. NDC 3.0 will integrate climate education across curricula, promote green skills, and expand opportunities for decent work in mitigation activities under NDC 3.0, ensuring that the benefits of the low-carbon transition are equitably shared. Essential social sectors including education, health, nutrition, and WASH will be strengthened to withstand climate impacts while contributing to low-carbon pathways. Finally, NDC 3.0 is anchored in a just transition pathway grounded in climate justice, ensuring that the shift toward low-carbon development delivers equitable benefits, protects livelihoods, food and nutrition security, and extends social protection for vulnerable communities. Just Transition: Bangladesh’s NDC 3.0 integrates a strong focus on Just Transition to ensure that climate action is not only environment-friendly but also socially inclusive and economically viable. The strategy prioritizes decent work, equity, and protection for vulnerable groups such as workers in carbon-intensive sectors, women, youth, and informal laborers. Transition pathways cover key sectors—including energy, industry, transport, agriculture, forestry, land use, waste, and the circular economy—through measures like renewable energy deployment, industrial efficiency, electric mobility, climate-smart agriculture, and formalization of waste workers. Crosscutting actions emphasize reskilling, financial support, social protection, and inclusive stakeholder engagement, underpinned by transparency, accountability, and measurable indicators. A National Just Transition Policy Framework will guide sectoral plans to align decarbonization with sustainable livelihoods and social equity. Means of Implementation: To achieveNDC 3.0 mitigation targets, Bangladesh needs USD 116.18 billion in total of which USD 25.95 billion is for unconditional targets and USD 90.23 billion is from international climate finance support for meeting the conditional targets. Full achievement of NDC 3.0 ambition depends on scaled-up international finance, technology transfer, and capacity building to unlock higher ambition and secure a sustainable future for present and future generations. Bangladesh will mobilize resources through bilateral and multilateral partners, green bonds, concessional finance, result-based climate finance, public–private partnerships, and international carbon markets. Investment in skills development, governance, and innovation will enable a transparent and accountable MRV system to track mitigation, adaptation, and finance. The NDC 3.0 places Bangladesh as a climate-vulnerable yet ambitious nation, aligning low-carbon development with resilience, equity, and climate justice. Despite contributing less than 0.5% of global emissions, Bangladesh is committing to ambitious climate action that far exceeds its fair share. Bangladesh calls upon the world—particularly the developed nations—to act with fairness and solidarity, ensuring that vulnerable nations are not left behind, so that together humanity secures a safer, more just, and sustainable future. | report | Bangladesh Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change | Bangladesh's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Bangladesh%20Third%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution%20%28NDC%203.0%29.pdf | 1 | 1 | 80 | 0 | |||||
| 5128 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 2:33:50 PM | Belize National Climate Change Office, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Solid Waste Management (2025) "Belize’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Government of Belize. | Belize remains dedicated to increasing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets while strengthening adaptive capacities and addressing vulnerabilities across key sectors. Building upon its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2021 and developed through an inclusive process involving multiple of stakeholders, policymakers, and experts. This NDC 3.0 is more ambitious in terms of the quantified avoided emission targets within the Energy, Waste, and Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sectors. Overall, the NDC 3.0 aims to avoid cumulative GHG emissions of 6,234 kTonCO₂e by 2035 when compared against a business-as-usual (BAU) scenario, an increase from the 5,647 kTonCO₂e of cumulative avoided emissions targeted by 2030 in the previous NDC. Within the Energy sector, which covers electricity and transport, the combined cumulative emission avoidance target for the NDC 3.0 is set at 453 and 1,103 kTCO₂e by 2030 and 2035 respectively, compared to 2020 BAU levels. For this, Belize plans to install 100 MW of utility-scale solar power and 20 MW of onshore wind power by 2035, supported by increasing the adoption target of electric vehicles to 10% and 25% in private and public transport, respectively. In the Waste sector, cumulative emission avoidance amounting to 8.5 kTCO₂e * 21 kTCO₂e by 2030 and 2035 respectively, while the AFOLU sector is expected to increase its cumulative carbon sequestration potential from 2,555 kTCO₂e in 2030 to 5,110 kTCO₂e in 2035 from 2020 BAU levels. These targets are conditional upon access to sufficient financial, technical and human capacity support. Upon securing the necessary climate finance, Belize intends to advance, among other interventions, its climate-smart agriculture and sustainable land management. Preliminary estimates suggest total capital expenditure of about 1.55 billion USD over the coming decade, which are divided into an estimated 609 million USD for the Energy and Waste sectors, 412 million USD for the AFOLU sector, and 534 million USD for other adaptation efforts. Belize remains committed to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, where it has laid out a Long Term Low-Emissions Development Strategy (LT-LEDS). By bridging short-term goals and long-term ambitions, NDC 3.0 positions Belize to enhance cross-sectoral coordination and maintain momentum toward its 2050 net-zero objective. | report | Belize National Climate Change Office, Ministry of Sustainable Development, Climate Change, and Solid Waste Management | Belize’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Government of Belize | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-06/BELIZE%20FINAL%20NDC%203.0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 128 | 1 | |||||
| 5130 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:18:11 PM | Cambodia (2025) "Cambodia's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Kingdom of Cambodia. | Cambodia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (Cambodia’s NDC 3.0) reaffirms the country’s strong commitment to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Despite contributing less than 1% to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, Cambodia has demonstrated leadership in climate governance to submit the Intended NDC in 2015, the Updated NDC in 2020, the Long-Term Strategy for Carbon Neutrality (LTS4CN) in 2021 and its first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) in 2024. Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 aligns with key national frameworks, including the Pentagonal Strategy – Phase I, the Circular Strategy on Environment 2023-2028 and the Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2024–2033 (CCCSP 2024–2033), guiding the integration of climate action into national development priorities. The development of Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 was a highly participatory and inclusive process under the lead coordination of the Ministry of Environment and supported by UNDP under the Climate Promise initiative, as well as other UN agencies and development partners. It engaged over 650 stakeholders through 17 sectoral consultations and over 300 participants in four sub-national workshops. Participants included representatives from government ministries, development partners, NGOs, academia, women, youth, Indigenous Peoples, and persons with disabilities. The sectoral approach ensured alignment with national priorities and enhanced inter ministerial collaboration. It involved policy reviews, GHG modeling, and scenario analysis to identify ambitious yet feasible mitigation and adaptation measures. Special attention was given to gender equality and social inclusion (GESI), with dedicated training for CC-TWG members and consultations with marginalized groups. Meaningful youth engagement was a cornerstone of the process, culminating in the development of the National Youth Statement on Cambodia’s NDC 3.0 priorities. The private sector was also actively involved, particularly in discussions on carbon markets and sustainable industry practices. A total of 163 measures have been endorsed by the Line Ministries, comprising 49 mitigation measures, 75 adaptation measures, and 39 enabling measures. | report | Cambodia | Cambodia's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Kingdom of Cambodia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-08/Cambodia-NDC%203.0_0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 158 | 2 | |||||
| 5164 | 2025 | 11/11/2025 3:21:13 PM | Burundi, Republique du (2025) "CDN 3.0: Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Burundi, Republique du. | Le Burundi, signataire de l'Accord de Paris depuis 2015, adopte sa CDN 3.0 en 2025 afin de consolider les acquis, corriger les faiblesses et relever son ambition pour la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, tant en atténuation qu'en adaptation. Le processus est piloté par le Ministère de l'Environnement, de l'Agriculture et de l'Elevage, dans un contexte marqué par une grande vulnérabilité aux effets du changement climatique, une forte dépendance agricole (90% de la population active), une pression foncière élevée, une économie encore émergeante et une démographie dynamique. La CDN 3.0 du Burundi est un cadre stratégique complet pour la transition vers un développement bas-carbone, résilient et inclusif. Elle articule sur la réduction des émissions, le renforcement de la résilience, la mobilisation des financements innovants et l'intégration sociale, afin de contribuer à bâtir un Burundi durable et prospère en cohérence avec la Vision 2040-2060, le Plan National de Développement 2018-2027 révisé, le PNA initial (2023) et les ODD. Ambition climatique rehaussée Concernant l'atténuation, le Burundi renforce son engagement face au changement climatique à travers sa Contribution Déterminée au niveau National (CDN3.0), en visant une réduction de 23% des émissions d'ici 2035 par rapport au scénario de référence (BAU). Cet objectif combine une baisse inconditionnelle de 3% et conditionnelle de 20%, appuyée par des financements internationaux et des partenariats solides. Bien que le pays soit passé à des émissions nettes positives en 2023, il compte sur la restauration du puits forestier à travers l'accroissement du couvert forestier, des politiques coordonnées, des actions cohérentes notamment la promotion des énergies vertes, des technologies bas carbone, un financement renforcé et un système MRV performant pour renouer avec une trajectoire bas carbone et résiliente. Le Burundi, au-delà de l'atténuation, réaffirme également son engagement à intégrer plus fortement l'adaptation et la résilience au cœur de la planification et de la budgétisation de son développement aux niveaux national, sectoriel et local. Ceci est conforme avec le processus PNA lancé en 2014 et ayant abouti au PNA initial en 2023; ce qui sera poursuivi avec l'élaboration du prochain PNA d’ici 2027. Vulnérabilité et priorités d'adaptation Le Burundi est fortement exposé aux aléas climatiques, touchant tous les secteurs vitaux : agriculture-élevage-pêche, foresterie, eau, santé, énergie, écosystèmes, infrastructures et déchets. L'adaptation repose sur cinq piliers majeurs: 1. La lutte antiérosive, la gestion durable des terres, des forêts et des ressources en eau; 2. Alerte précoce et prévention des risques climatiques (aléas, catastrophes et épidémies); 3. Technologies et variétés agricoles résilientes; 4. Infrastructures adaptées aux aléas climatiques; 5. Protection sociale et inclusion (peuples autochtones, genre, jeunesse, handicap, lien entre mobilité humaine, environnement et changement climatique). L'eau est placée au cœur de l'adaptation, via la gestion intégrée des bassins versants, la préservation des zones tampons, l'irrigation, la gouvernance transfrontalière et les retenues collinaires. Atténuation Les mesures d'atténuation visent à: * Accroître la couverture forestière du pays; * Promouvoir les énergies propres (hydroélectricité, solaire, biogaz); Énergie : biogaz, solaire, centrales hydrauliques réhabilitées, foyers propres, amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique des bâtiments et des systèmes de transport; * Réduire l'utilisation du bois-énergie grâce aux foyers améliorés; * Moderniser les infrastructures énergétiques et de transport; * Encourager les pratiques forestières durables (REDD ); * Renforcer la gestion des milieux protégés et en restaurer d'autres; * Promotion de la mobilité électrique; * Améliorer la composition des aliments pour le bétail; * Accroitre la production des fertilisants organo-minéraux. Adaptation Les mesures d'adaptation concernent les principaux secteurs suivants: * Agriculture et élevage: information climatique, systèmes d'alerte précoce, irrigation, assurance agricole, pratiques résilientes, agroécologie, diversification des cultures, pêche et production halieutique, formation des jeunes et PDI; * Ressources naturelles: lutte antiérosive, reboisement, gestion des écosystèmes aquatiques, financement de la conservation, restauration des zones humides; * Gestion intégrée de l'eau : collecte et stockage, gestion intégrée (lutte antiérosive, aménagement des bassins versants), gouvernance participative, infrastructures hydrauliques, récupération des eaux de pluies et réutilisation des eaux usées; * Ecosystèmes et biodiversité: protection des habitats, restauration des écosystèmes dégradés, y compris les zones halieutiques; * Santé: lutte contre les maladies vectorielles (prévention et traitement des épidémies), intégration SSR/VBG, services mobiles pour les personnes déplacées, adaptation des infrastructures de santé aux conditions climatiques changeantes; * Infrastructures : normes climato-résilientes, dragage, entretien routier et portuaire, planification urbaine, construction de digues, pour protéger contre l'érosion et les inondations; * Déchets: tri, compostage, économie circulaire, responsabilité des producteurs, lutte contre la pollution; * Gestion des risques de catastrophes aux niveaux national, provincial, communal et local. Financement et budget Le coût global de la mise en œuvre de la CDN 3.0 est estimé à 8 363 913 000 USD, dont 3 943 911 000 USD pour l'adaptation et 4 420 002 000 USD pour l'atténuation. Les financements proviendront d'un mécanisme mixte : Mécanismes existants de la CCNUCC, Fonds Verts Climat, Fonds d'Adaptation, Fonds Pertes et Dommages, Mécanismes internationaux (FEM, BAD, UE et autres), partenariats public-privé (PPP), marchés carbone, taxes environnementales, coopérations bilatérales, ressources nationales y compris les contributions en nature des populations et mobilisation de la coopération Sud-Sud. Gouvernance et suivi-évaluation Un dispositif institutionnel intégré est prévu, avec: * Des actions de suivi évaluation avec des indicateurs sectoriels (eau, sécurité alimentaire, écosystèmes, résilience); * Mécanisme MRV et SEA pour la transparence et la redevabilité; * Participation communautaire et boucles d'apprentissage. L'approche repose sur la planification participative, la coordination multisectorielle et l'alignement avec les politiques nationales (Vision Burundi 2040–2060, PND 2018–2027, ODD, PNA initial 2023). Le prochain PNA (2027) s'alignera sur la CDN 3.0 et contribuera à la CDN 4.0. Inclusion et équité La CDN 3.0 place l'humain au centre de sa conception et de sa mise en œuvre: * Femmes: autonomisation économique, accès à l'énergie propre, santé reproductive, leadership et protection contre les VBG; * Les peuples autochtones: autonomisation économique, accessibilité et intégration dans réponse climatique; * Enfants et Jeunes: éducation climatique, formation verte, maintien scolaire des filles; * Personnes vivant avec handicap: accessibilité et intégration dans la réponse climatique; * Populations déplacées: gestion planifiée de la mobilité, relocalisation sûre, emploi vert et services de base. En lien avec l'engagement accru des jeunes aux actions climatiques, un Programme National d'Alimentation Scolaire (PNAS) sera développé. Le PNAS agit comme triple levier: Adaptation (sécurité alimentaire, résilience des ménages), Atténuation (réduction du gaspillage du bois et de la dégradation des écosystèmes forestières, foyers améliorés/propres), Capital humain (nutrition, éducation, égalité des genres). Alignement international et national La CDN 3.0 s'aligne sur: Les Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD) : ODD 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13 et 15. Les p nationales: PNA initial (2023); Vision Burundi 2040–2060 et Plan National de Développement (PND) révisé. Les accords climatique. | report | Burundi, Republique du | CDN 3.0: Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Burundi, Republique du | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/CDN3.0%20%20BURUNDI.pdf | 1 | 1 | 92 | 3 | |||||
| 5124 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:43:38 PM | Maroc, Gouvernement du (2025) "Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National CDN 3.0 Du Maroc (NDC3.0)" Gouvernement du Maroc. | Le Royaume du Maroc a l’honneur de soumettre sa Contribution Déterminée au niveau National (CDN 3.0) pour la période 2026-2035 au Secrétariat de la CCNUCC, conformément à l’Accord de Paris notamment ses articles 4.2 et 4.11 ainsi qu’au paragraphe 24 de la décision 1/CP.21. Bien que faiblement émetteur de Gaz à Effet de Serre (GES), le Maroc demeure fortement vulnérable aux impacts du changement climatique. La Cinquième Communication Nationale (CN5) du Maroc projette une évolution marquée par un climat plus chaud et plus sec à l’horizon 2050. Les températures moyennes annuelles devraient augmenter de plus de 3 °C à l’échelle nationale, avec des hausses pouvant atteindre jusqu’à 5 °C dans certaines régions du pays. Parallèlement, les précipitations annuelles devraient diminuer de manière généralisée sur l’ensemble du territoire, avec des baisses principalement comprises entre 5 et 15 %, pouvant atteindre jusqu’à 20 % dans certaines zones. Cette évolution est susceptible de provoquer un appauvrissement des ressources en eau, une variabilité accrue des saisons pluvieuses ainsi qu’une vulnérabilité renforcée face aux épisodes de sécheresse. À titre d’exemple, l’année 2023 s’est révélée être la plus sèche depuis au moins huit décennies, avec un déficit pluviométrique estimé à 48 %. Une telle situation accentue un stress hydrique déjà particulièrement préoccupant : les ressources renouvelables sont passées de 2 560 à environ 620 m³ par habitant durant les six dernières décennies (1960-2025), situant le pays à un niveau critique, très proche du seuil de pénurie absolue fixé à 500 m³. Ces changements se traduisent par une augmentation de la fréquence et de l’intensité des vagues de chaleur, la recrudescence des incendies de forêts, l’accentuation du stress thermique ainsi qu’une pression croissante sur les ressources en eau. À cet égard, le Maroc a enregistré en 2023 un total de 26 événements météorologiques extrêmes ayant donné lieu à des bulletins d’alerte, parmi lesquels des averses orageuses intenses (35 %), des vagues de chaleur (30 %), des chutes de neige (19 %) et des vents forts (16 %). Compte tenu de la gravité et du coût élevé de ces impacts, l’adaptation s’affirme comme une priorité stratégique de premier ordre. À cet égard, le Maroc réaffirme sa détermination à contribuer activement à la réponse mondiale face au défi des changements climatiques, dans le cadre du développement durable et de la lutte contre la pauvreté. Dans cette perspective, la politique nationale du Maroc en matière de lutte contre les changements climatiques trouve son ancrage institutionnel dans la Stratégie Nationale de Développement Durable (SNDD 2035), qui promeut un développement équilibré et durable, en cohérence avec les Objectifs de Développement Durable (ODD 2030), le Nouveau Modèle de Développement (NMD 2035) et la feuille de route nationale bas carbone à l’horizon 2050. Cette stratégie couvre six domaines de transformation majeurs directement liés aux enjeux climatiques, notamment : la sécurité hydrique, énergétique et alimentaire, le développement d’une économie compétitive et sobre en carbone ainsi que la valorisation et la résilience des ressources et écosystèmes naturels face aux changement climatique. Elle repose par ailleurs sur plusieurs leviers de changement, à savoir : le capital humain, le numérique, l’innovation, la recherche, les réformes réglementaires, les instruments économiques et fiscaux, ainsi qu’une planification territoriale intégrée. Outre la SNDD, la politique du Maroc se traduit par le biais d’autres documents stratégiques, en particulier, le Plan Climat National (PCN) et le Plan National Stratégique d’Adaptation (PNSA), la Contribution Déterminée au niveau National (CDN), les stratégies sectorielles spécifiques ainsi que des Plans Climatiques Territoriaux et des Plans d’Adaptation Régionaux. L’objectif ultime consiste à rendre le territoire national plus résilient face au changement climatique tout en assurant une transition vers une économie sobre en carbone. Pour renforcer la mise en œuvre de sa politique climatique et rehausser son ambition, le Maroc s’est engagé dans un processus d’élaboration de la CDN 3.0 en se basant sur une démarche participative et inclusive impliquant les différentes parties prenantes, particulièrement les institutions publiques, le secteur privé, la société civile, les syndicats, les régions ainsi que les femmes et les jeunes. Ce processus a été accompagné par la Commission Nationale des Changements Climatiques et de la Diversité Biologique, qui a assuré l’examen et la validation des résultats de la CDN 3.0. Elle a exercé ses prérogatives en matière de concertation, de coordination et de suivi de la mise en œuvre des engagements climatiques du Maroc. La CDN 3.0 marque une progression significative par rapport à la CDN 2.0 publiée en 2021 en rehaussant l’ambition en matière d’atténuation des émissions des GES notamment par la prise en compte de nouveaux GES, et en ciblant de renforcer davantage la capacité d’adaptation et de résilience par l’inclusion de nouveaux secteurs et domaines (Equipement - Transport et Diversité Biologique). S’alignant avec les recommandations du Premier Bilan Mondial de 2023, tripler la capacité mondiale des énergies renouvelables d’ici 2030, doubler le rythme d’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique, réduire progressivement la production et l’utilisation du charbon, la CDN 3.0 représente le niveau d’ambition maximal possible. Elle définit, en tenant compte des circonstances nationales, des cibles et mesures de mise en œuvre dans le respect du principe des Responsabilités Communes mais Différenciées et des Capacités Respectives des pays. Le potentiel national d’atténuation de la CDN 3.0 s’élève à 53 % de réduction des émissions de GES d’ici 2035, au lieu de 45.5% fixé dans la CDN 2.0 pour 2030. Cet objectif est établi par rapport aux émissions projetées à la même échéance selon un scénario de référence basé sur le cours normal des affaires. Il se décline en une réduction inconditionnelle de 21,6 % à l’horizon 2035, comparée à 18,3 % visés dans la CDN 2.0 pour 2030, qui sera mis en œuvre grâce à des ressources financières sécurisées et alignées à la planification budgétaire de l’Etat. De même, cette CDN 3.0 est marquée par un objectif de réduction conditionnelle de 31,4 % à l’horizon 2035, contre 27,2 % pour la CDN 2.0 à l’horizon 2030 dont l’atteinte dépendra de la mobilisation de l’appui international requis. La CDN 3.0 a été également une opportunité pour une meilleure structuration des projets d’adaptation et de renforcement de la résilience dans plusieurs secteurs. Dans ce contexte, un portefeuille de 90 projets d’atténuation a été élaboré, nécessitant un financement estimé à 60 Milliards USD. Les objectifs de la CDN3.0 s’inscrivent pleinement dans la concrétisation de la feuille de route nationale bas carbone, qui oriente les politiques du Maroc vers un modèle de développement durable et sobre en carbone à l’horizon 2050. D’autre part, compte tenu de la vulnérabilité du pays aux impacts des changements climatiques, la CDN 3.0 vient renforcer l’action en matière d’alerte, de prévention des risques climatiques et d’adaptation, et ce dans la perspective de réduire les pertes et les préjudices que le pays subit déjà. A cet effet, 80 objectifs sectoriels d’adaptation ont été identifiés à l’horizon 2035. Ces objectifs se déclinent en 107 projets d’adaptation, répartis entre 61 projets inconditionnels et 46 projets conditionnels. À noter que la CDN 3.0 du Maroc prévoit une approche intégrée de la prévention et de la gestion des risques des effets extrêmes, afin d’assurer la sécurité et la protection des personnes, des biens et des écosystèmes. Les besoins en financement pour l’adaptation sont estimés à un total d’environ 36 Milliards USD. La CDN 3.0 capitalise sur la Stratégie de Développement de la Finance Climat (SDFC 2030), reconnaissant le rôle que peut jouer le secteur privé et visant la promotion de la finance climatique à travers trois piliers clés : (i) améliorer l’accès au financement pour les projets climatiques, notamment par le biais d’instruments et de mécanismes financiers innovants, (ii)renforcer l’environnement propice à l’investissement climatique et (iii) promouvoir une transition juste et inclusive en renforçant les capacités et en facilitant l’accès aux financements verts en faveur des Etablissements et Entreprises durables. Le Royaume du Maroc apporte une contribution méthodologique novatrice au processus de révision des CDNs, en mettant en avant l’importance de l’efficacité économique ainsi que les co-bénéfices environnementaux et sociaux des actions climatiques. Dans ce sens, l’utilisation de l’indicateur du coût moyen d’abattement sectoriel (USD/T éq.CO2 réduite) constitue non seulement un outil de comparaison de la performance sectorielle du pays en matière de réduction des émissions des GES tenant compte de l’ampleur des investissements requis et du volume des réductions associées, mais aussi, il permettrait de comparer ladite performance entre pays, entre groupe de pays ou à l’échelle mondiale. L’utilisation de cet indicateur serait à même d’agréger les efforts des pays dans les secteurs les plus émetteurs et d’estimer les progrès à réaliser en matière de réduction des émissions des GES. Il constituerait une base pour rehausser notre ambition collective, tout en orientant les investissements et les flux financiers vers une trajectoire sobre en carbone à l’horizon 2035. Enfin, il apporterait une contribution utile au deuxième Bilan Mondial de 2028, afin de guider l’action commune face à l’urgence climatique. Par ailleurs, le Maroc affiche son grand intérêt pour les mécanismes du marché carbone afin de mobiliser des financements additionnels. Pour exploiter ce potentiel de manière concrète, le pays a déjà entrepris plusieurs démarches pour rendre opérationnels les approches coopératives de l’article 6 de l’Accord de Paris et il est engagé dans le développement des activités éligibles sur son territoire. De plus, le Royaume a déployé, pour une première experience, un effort inédit d’alignement entre les ambitions climatiques inscrites dans sa CDN et sa planification budgétaire nationale. En articulant le développement de la CDN 3.0 avec la Programmation Budgétaire Triennale (PBT 2026-2028), le pays garantit une meilleure cohérence entre les engagements climatiques et les ressources publiques mobilisées. Cet exercice permet de renforcer la visibilité, la crédibilité, la transparence et la soutenabilité budgétaire des engagements climatiques du Maroc. Il illustre ainsi un modèle de gouvernance financière respectueux du climat, plaçant la transition climatique au cœur de la gestion des finances publiques et renforçant la confiance des partenaires financiers. Ce dispositif est déployé territorialement afin d’impliquer les collectivités et parties prenantes locales et ancrer la transition climatique dans tous les territoires. La CDN 3.0 est profondément ancrée dans la dimension sociale et promeut une transition juste et inclusive. Elle intègre les principes de l’équité, l’égalité des genres et l’employabilité. Son élaboration a été un processus largement participatif, marqué par la mobilisation intensive de l’ensemble des parties prenantes politiques et sociétales : jeunes, syndicats, points focaux genre et représentants des territoires. Le Maroc, en plaçant ces priorités sociales et territoriales au centre de sa CDN 3.0, réaffirme son rôle d’acteur dynamique dans le programme climatique global. Son engagement ne se limite pas à l’ambition de l’atténuation des émissions des GES, de l’adaptation et au renforcement de la résilience, mais s’étend à la justice sociale et à l’équité, assurant que chaque citoyen et chaque territoire bénéficient des retombées positives de cette action. | report | Maroc, Gouvernement du | Contribution Déterminée au Niveau National CDN 3.0 Du Maroc (NDC3.0) | Gouvernement du Maroc | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-10/MOROCCO%20NDC%203.0%20_30.9.25.pdf | 1 | 1 | 107 | 4 | |||||
| 5123 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:32:10 PM | Fiji Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (2025) "Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution 2025-2035" Government of Fiji. | Fiji submits this third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0) amid the worsening impacts of the climate crisis. Global efforts to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions remain critically insufficient in relation to the reductions required to meet the Paris Agreement's core objective of limiting warming to 1.5°C. For Fiji, a Small Island Developing State on the front lines of this crisis, the potential breach of this agreed and scientifically based guardrail presents an unpreceded threat to our national security. Current climate change projections for Fiji are clear that overshooting the 1. 5°C limit will lead to the dramatic intensification of localised climate impacts on our people, ecosystems, and economy. Rising seas, intensifying cyclones, and changing climate patterns already compound Fiji's socioeconomic challenges, directly threatening communities, livelihoods, and human rights. This reality underpins the ‘Climate Emergency’ declared through the passage of Fiji’s CCA of 2021. It is in this context of acute vulnerability that we present our enhanced and expanded commitments under the Paris Agreement. As a long-standing leader in global climate action-as the first nation to ratify the Paris Agreement, first SIDS to host the UNFCCC COP-Fiji recognises the moral imperative to champion greater international ambition. We welcome the recent advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice on the obligations of states with respect to climate change and call on all Parties to submit and implement NDCs that reflect their fair respective contribution to the global effort to preserve the 1.5°C limit and ensure compliance with the full common but differentiated responsibilities of all Parties under the UNFCCC and it’s Paris Agreement. This NDC has been developed with the rigorous due diligence required to ensure its commitments are both ambitious and achievable. Our mitigation targets are informed by the First Global Stocktake, Fiji’s 2023 National Inventory Report, and the latest sectoral data, aligning our national action with both the requirements of the 1.5°C target and our standing commitment to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century. Simultaneously, our adaptation and loss and damage objectives are grounded in the best available science, current climate trends, and localised multi-model scenarios, fulfilling the State’s duty to protect the rights and freedoms of all Fijians. Through this submission for the 2025-2035 period, Fiji reaffirms its commitment to the Paris Agreement. We continue to strive for a future where all nations can pursue equitable, sustainable, and resilient low-emission development pathways that protect the most vulnerable, preserve our shared environmental heritage, and deliver climate justice. | report | Fiji Department of Climate Change, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change | Fiji's Third Nationally Determined Contribution 2025-2035 | Government of Fiji | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/Fiji%20NDC3.0_Final.pdf | 1 | 1 | 76 | 5 | |||||
| 5180 | 2025 | 11/17/2025 6:33:38 PM | Guinea Bissau (2025) "Fourth National Communication Report (NC4) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)" Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Bissau. | The Fourth National Communication (NC4) of the Republic of Guinea-Bissau to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a strategic reference document that reflects the country's progress in implementing international policies, measures and commitments related to climate change. This report is the result of a participatory process involving government institutions, national experts, international partners and civil society, and was prepared under the coordination of the Ministry of Environment, Biodiversity and Climate Action (MABAC), with the technical and financial support of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Guinea-Bissau is one of the most vulnerable countries to the adverse effects of climate change, due to its geographical, socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. The territory faces growing threats such as floods, droughts, rising sea levels, coastal erosion, biodiversity loss and severe impacts on agriculture, fisheries, water resources and public health. These vulnerabilities are exacerbated by the population’s high dependence on natural resources, widespread poverty, and institutional and infrastructural weaknesses. The report initially presents an update of the National Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory (GHG), developed in accordance with the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC2006, 2019). This inventory identifies the main sources of emissions in the country, highlighting the predominance of the agriculture, forestry and land use (AFOLU) sectors, as well as the energy sector, strongly dependent on biomass and petroleum products. Despite the low level of industrialisation, pressure on forest resources and inadequate waste management contribute significantly to national emissions. With regard to adaptation, NC4 analyses the impacts already observed and future risks in sectors critical to the economy and the well-being of the population. Specific vulnerabilities are identified in coastal areas, particularly in the Bijagós Archipelago, inland agricultural areas and riverside communities. The document highlights the need to strengthen resilience through measures such as the promotion of climatesmart agriculture, the protection and sustainable management of forests and ecosystems, the improvement of water supply and sanitation systems, the strengthening of health services and the implementation of resilient infrastructure. In the field of mitigation, NC4 presents programmes and policies aimed at reducing emissions and promoting sustainable and low-carbon development. Priority measures include expanding the use of renewable energies, in particular solar and hydroelectric; promoting energy efficiency; modernising the transport sector; and encouraging sustainable management practices in agriculture and forests. These initiatives are in line with Guinea-Bissau's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which sets a 30% emissions reduction target by 2030 conditional on international support. Another central aspect of NC4 is the identification of financial, technical and training needs. The report estimates that full implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures will require the mobilisation of about $664 million between 2021 and 2030. However, private sector participation is still incipient due to institutional constraints and the absence of a specific regulatory framework for climate finance and technical knowledge constraints. In this sense, NC4 emphasises the importance of creating innovative financing mechanisms, strengthening international cooperation and promoting synergies between environmental conventions. The report also emphasises the crucial role of education, awareness-raising and public participation as pillars for strengthening the national response to climate change. The need to integrate climate issues into education programmes, support initiatives of civil society organisations and promote the participation of local communities, including women and young people, in the formulation and implementation of environmental policies is highlighted. Finally, NC4 reaffirms Guinea-Bissau's commitment to move towards a path of sustainable and climate resilient development, despite the constraints faced. The country recognises that achieving its climate goals depends on strong international support in terms of financing, technology transfer, capacity building, and strategic partnerships. Thus, NC4 is not limited to fulfilling an accountability obligation under the UNFCCC, but is a strategic planning tool to guide national public policies, attract green investments and strengthen regional and international cooperation on climate action. | report | Guinea Bissau | Fourth National Communication Report (NC4) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) | Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Bissau | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/GNB_NC4_English_FINAL_16112025_JLT.pdf | 1 | 1 | 175 | 6 | |||||
| 5126 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 2:05:41 PM | Jamaica Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change; Brecha, Robert; Sircar, Arunima, Yada, A. (2025) "Jamaica’s NDC 3.0 Technical Report" Climate Change Branch, under the Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change, Government of Jamaica.. | This report presents the technical analysis, modelling results, and NDC 3.0 targets that informed Jamaica’s NDC 3.0. It additionally explores mitigation co-bene ts of adaptation actions, and synergies with Sustainable Development Goals relating to the mitigation actions. The report finally highlights Jamaica’s key priorities relating to key elements for consideration that are necessary to reduce ambition and pursue further climate action: carbon markets, loss and damage, just transition, climate finance, research, development and training, capacity-building, and youth engagement and gender mainstreaming. Jamaica remains committed to climate action and reducing its greenhouse gas emissions under the Paris Agreement framework. Through NDC 3.0, the country introduces more ambitious 2030 targets and new targets for 2035, re ecting increased ambition and a strategic shift towards an economy-wide mitigation approach. NDC 3.0’s quantitative sectoral coverage includes energy, transport and industry, and qualitatively, the forestry sector. The targets are also mapped against 2012 base year emissions. Jamaica now commits to: UNCONDITIONAL REDUCTIONS OF: 26.33% by 2030 27.12% by 2035 CONDITIONAL TARGETS OF: 30.59% by 2030 41.72% by 2035 (contingent on international support) | report | Jamaica Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change; Brecha, Robert; Sircar, Arunima, Yada, A. | Jamaica’s NDC 3.0 Technical Report | Climate Change Branch, under the Ministry of Water, Environment and Climate Change, Government of Jamaica. | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-10/NDC_Report_Oct12.pdf | 1 | 1 | 81 | 7 | |||||
| 5132 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:32:19 PM | Liberia, Government of the Republic of (2025) "Liberia’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0): Revised and Enhanced Climate Action Plan under the Paris Agreement" Government of the Republic of Liberia. | Climate change presents both a profound threat and a transformative opportunity for Liberia. I am proud to introduce our Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0), a strategic, inclusive roadmap for Liberia’s climate action and sustainable development. Liberia has long demonstrated commitment to global climate efforts, from the 2008 National Adaptation Programme of Action to the ongoing National Adaptation Plan process. We have ratified the Paris Agreement and pioneered REDD in West Africa. These efforts, while costly, reflect our prioritization of long-term planetary health over short-term economic gains. This revised NDC was shaped through a country-driven process led by the EPA in collaboration with relevant stakeholders. We engaged ministries, civil society, youth, women’s groups, academia, and the private sector, ensuring the NDC reflects Liberia’s diverse voices. Notably, inputs from the “Ganta Declaration” helped embed gender, youth, fresh water, and child protection into our climate goals. Compared to our NDC 2.0, this NDC expands sectoral coverage, introduces quantitative adaptation targets across seven sectors, and integrates cross-cutting issues. It aligns with the ARREST Agenda for Inclusive Development (2025–2029) and our SDG commitments, linking climate action with national development priorities. Enhanced transparency mechanisms, including an ICTU annex and strengthened MRV systems, will work towards accountability and effective implementation. Liberia reaffirms its ambitious 64% emissions reduction target by 2035. However, due to a change in the base year from 2015 to 2022, this target now represents a fourfold increase in absolute emissions reduction. The 2015 base year recorded emissions at 5,695 GgCO₂e, while the 2022 inventory based on improved data and methodologies, estimated emissions at 12,471 GgCO₂e. As a result, Liberia updated its BAU and mitigation targets. The revised 2035 goals are: Unconditional—5,551 GgCO₂e (10%); Conditional—29,974 GgCO₂e (54%) with international support. Notwithstanding, the stocktake report from the NDC 2.0 revealed that Liberia reduced 2,545 GgCO₂e between 2021-2024. The new ambition propels Liberia towards a greener future and sets a long-term vision for net-zero by 2050. We are committed to inclusive, resilient development and call on all partners to support the implementation of this NDC. Together, we will build a greener, safer Liberia and contribute meaningfully to global climate solutions. Emmanuel King Urey Yarkpawolo, PhD Executive Director EPA – Republic of Liberia | report | Liberia, Government of the Republic of | Liberia’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0): Revised and Enhanced Climate Action Plan under the Paris Agreement | Government of the Republic of Liberia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Liberias_2035_NDC_3.0_Final.pdf | 1 | 1 | 61 | 8 | |||||
| 5131 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:25:30 PM | Maldives Ministry of Tourism and Environment (2025) "Maldives’ Third Nationally Determined Contribution: National Climate Action Plan Towards Resilience and Low-Carbon Development (NDC 3.0)" Government of the Maldives. | Mitigation The Maldives’ mitigation actions and targets demonstrate a strong commitment to transitioning toward low-carbon development. The country is focused on enhancing energy security, improving the transport sector, and strengthening waste management systems to reduce emissions from these key sectors. However, as a small island developing state with limited resources, the successful implementation of the mitigation actions outlined in the NDC depends on receiving adequate support, including financial resources, access to technology, capacity-building, and other essential means of implementation. The Maldives’ 2035 Target The Maldives is committed to reduce 1.52 million tonnes of CO2 eq in 2035, conditional on receiving adequate support and financial resources, technology, capacity building, and other means of implementation in the context of sustainable development. Achieving this target will require significant international support to provide the necessary financing required to implement the mitigation actions required to achieve the target. | report | Maldives Ministry of Tourism and Environment | Maldives’ Third Nationally Determined Contribution: National Climate Action Plan Towards Resilience and Low-Carbon Development (NDC 3.0) | Government of the Maldives | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-02/Maldives%E2%80%99%20Third%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf | 1 | 1 | 50 | 9 | |||||
| 5122 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:23:44 PM | Mozambique National Directorate for Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries (2025) "Mozambique's Provisional NDC 3.0" Republic of Mozambique. | Mozambique submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on October 1st, 2015, in accordance with Decision 1/CP.19, which invited parties to submit their INDCs prior to the Conference of the Parties (COP) 21, and following the guidance provided in Decision 1/CP.20, which provided guidance for the development of INDCs. The INDC became Mozambique's First Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 1.0) 2020-2030 on June 4th, 2018, the date on which the country became a Party to the Paris Agreement, in accordance with Decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 22. In line with Decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 24, and Article 4, paragraph 9, of the Paris Agreement, which requires parties to communicate or update their NDCs every 5 years, Mozambique submitted its first update of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 2.0) to the UNFCCC on November 1st, 2021, with an implementation period of 2021-2025. Following the provisions outlined in that same decision and article, Mozambique has now embarked on the development of a second update of the NDC (NDC 3.0) covering the 2026-2035 implementation period. This document presents the provisional communication of Mozambique's NDC3.0 under the Paris Agreement. Mozambique's NDC 3.0 is being prepared following a participatory and comprehensive whole-of-society approach, involving government, the private sector, civil society and academia, and relying on the technical expertise and assistance of several international partners. The goal is to produce a robust, high-quality NDC that is also realistic, investable and implementable, and that is aligned with the country's sustainable development priorities and national circumstances. | report | Mozambique National Directorate for Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries | Mozambique's Provisional NDC 3.0 | Republic of Mozambique | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/Mozambique%20ProvNDC_ENG.pdf | 1 | 1 | 25 | 10 | |||||
| 5173 | 2025 | 11/14/2025 12:40:29 PM | Belarus, Republic of (2025) "Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Belarus, Republic of. | В соответствии с пунктом 9 статьи 4 Парижского соглашения и Дальнейших руководящих указаний в отношении параграфов 24 и 25 раздела Решения 1/СР.21, посвященного предотвращению изменения климата (далее – Руководящие указания), принятых в 2018 году Решением 4/CMA.1 Конференции Сторон Рамочной конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций об изменении климата от 9 мая 1992 года (далее – Рамочная конвенция), действующей в качестве совещания Сторон Парижского соглашения, Республика Беларусь представляет и с учетом временных рамок обновления целей по сокращению выбросов парниковых газов периодически обновляет свои обязательства по сокращению выбросов парниковых газов. Республика Беларусь поддерживает коллективные усилия Сторон Рамочной Конвенции и Парижского соглашения, направленные на сдерживание повышения среднемировой температуры более чем на 2 градуса Цельсия по сравнению с доиндустриальным уровнем, и предпринимает усилия по ограничению ее повышения до 1,5 градуса Цельсия. Предполагаемый национально определяемый вклад в сокращение выбросов парниковых газов был представлен 21 сентября 2015 г. в секретариат Рамочной конвенции до ратификации Парижского соглашения. Этим документом Республика Беларусь взяла на себя обязательство сократить выбросы парниковых газов на 28 процентов к 2030 году по сравнению с уровнем выбросов 1990 года без учета выбросов и стоков парниковых газов в секторе ”Землепользование, изменение землепользования и лесное хозяйство“ (далее – ЗИЗЛХ) и без дополнительных условий, под которыми следует понимать использование механизмов международного углеродного рынка и привлечение внешних финансовых ресурсов. | report | Belarus, Republic of | Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Belarus, Republic of | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/Republic%20of%20Belarus%20NDC%20for%202026-2035.pdf | 1 | 1 | 25 | 11 | |||||
| 5129 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 4:46:06 PM | Mongolia, Government of (2025) "Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) of Mongolia" Government of Mongolia. | Mongolia ratified and joined the Paris Agreement of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on September 1, 2016. This obligated the country to contribute to and cooperate in global efforts on climate change mitigation and adaptation, and to protect its citizens from related impacts and risk. It also creates opportunities to work closely with international partner organizations and developed country partners on solving the pressing issues related to the global climate change challenges with their support. In this context, Mongolia developed the “Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC)” document in 2015, setting a target of reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 14 percent by 2030 compared to 2010 levels, and planned interventions to adapt to climate change. Subsequently, in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement, the updated “Nationally Determined Contribution” (NDC2.0) document was developed and approved by the Cabinet. More ambitious interventions are being implemented in the environmental, social and economic sectors to increase the target of reducing GHG emissions by to 22.7 percent, adapting to climate change, and reducing the risks. These integrated goals and measures are being implemented in accordance with the main requirements of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement, and national and sectoral development programmes and plans. Mongolia reaffirms the calls for action in the first global stocktake (GST1) decision, adopted by the 5th Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement (CMA), including the call for all Parties to contribute to the global efforts to successfully achieve the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global climate change to 1.5°C and accelerate the transition to more sustainable and resilient development pathways in a just, orderly, and equitable manner. Recalling the Article 4.8 of the Paris Agreement, as well as other CMA decisions and guidance (Decision 4/CMA.1, etc.), Mongolia provides descriptive and contextual information to enhance the clarity, transparency, and understanding (ICTU) of mitigation and adaptation targets and interventions identified in its NDC 3.0. | report | Mongolia, Government of | Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) of Mongolia | Government of Mongolia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Mongolia%20NDC3_0%20under%20UNFCCC_PA%20FINAL.pdf | 1 | 1 | 12 | ||||||
| 5134 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:44:15 PM | Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment (2025) "Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0" Government of Nepal. | Nepal hereby presents its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0 under the Paris Agreement for the period up to 2035, following Articles 4.2 and 4.11 of the Paris Agreement, and Decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 23 and 24, and other relevant provisions of the Paris Agreement, including guided by the outcome of the first Global Stocktake Decision 1/CMA.5. Nepal has negligible contribution to past and current global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, but high vulnerability to climate impacts. Nepal’s high forest cover provides GHG removals and Nepal’s snow-covered mountains provide critical environment services for the region. The NDC includes targets, polices and measures to reduce national GHG emission levels, promote adaptation actions, and address loss and damage, which will require international support on climate financing, technology transfer and capacity building for its full implementation. NDC 3.0 is fair and ambitious contribution towards global action on climate change. Nepal has extended the scope of the coverage of its quantified mitigation targets and policy and measures reflecting specific needs and special circumstances. This NDC reflects an increase in ambition consistent with economically efficient, cost-effective and fair share-based 1.5°C pathway informed by the latest available science, and national and sub-national policies and efforts. It is a continuation and expansion of efforts listed in the previous NDCs, and is aligned with the efforts to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2045 as detailed in its Long-term Strategy for Net-zero Emissions (LTS) (2021). The provision in the Paris Agreement to limit global average temperature rise to 1.5°C results in lower risks for Nepal when compared to 2°C or higher temperatures. Nepal’s climate-sensitive geography, and vulnerable socio-economic conditions make the country highly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Rising temperatures have intensified both slow-onset events (increasing temperature, glacier melting, loss of biodiversity) and extreme events (floods, drought, landslides, Glacial Lake Outburst Floods, fires and heatwaves), severely affecting lives, livelihoods, and infrastructure. Nepal aspires to avoid the residual risks of climate change through strengthened adaptation and resilience-building. However, it also recognizes that not all risks are avoidable, and in such cases, seeks to address loss and damage through international finance. The NDC preparation process was a country-driven process following the principle of Leave No One Behind (LNOB) while integrating the principles of Just Transition, as well as Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion (GEDSI). The NDC preparation process was led by the Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE) in its capacity as the UN Climate Change focal point for Nepal, in close collaboration with line Ministries and Provincial Governments following an extensive and inclusive stakeholder consultation process involving the local governments, civil society organizations including youth, women, Persons with Disabilities, and Indigenous Peoples, private sector representatives, experts, academia, development partners, funders, media and members of parliament. Implementation of this NDC will contribute towards many co-benefits such as energy security, reduced air pollution, healthy people, increase in quality of life and income, social equity, ecosystem services, biodiversity conservation, eco-tourism and climate resilience, which would also contribute significantly towards achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and eradication of poverty. | report | Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment | Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 3.0 | Government of Nepal | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-05/Nepal%20NDC3.pdf | 1 | 1 | 40 | 13 | |||||
| 5125 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 1:50:47 PM | Nigeria National Council on Climate Change (2025) "Nigeria's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Federal Republic of Nigeria. | The Federal Republic of Nigeria ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 29 August 2004 as a Non-Annex 1 Party, its Kyoto Protocol on 10 December 2004 and the Paris Agreement (PA) on 16 May 2017. In doing so, Nigeria affirmed its commitment to the global agenda towards meeting the objective of Article 2, paragraphs 1(a) and 1(b) of the PA. As per Article 4, paragraph 1 of the PA, Nigeria has committed to achieving netzero emissions by 2060. Additionally, as a Party to the lobal Methane Pledge,Nigeria has committed to eliminate routine flaring by 2030 and to reduce fugitive emissions from leaks in the oil and gas industry by 95% by 2050. Nigeria submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution2 (INDC) in 2015 to conform with Decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the Conference of the Parties (CoP). In line with Article 4 of the PA and Decision 1/CP.21 of the UNFCCC, Nigeria revised its INDC, to produce its NDC 2.0 in 2021, and is now presenting its third version (NDC 3.0). Nigeria has also prepared and submitted its Long-Term Low-Emission Development Strategy (LT-LEDS) in 2024, two Biennial Update Reports (BURs), and its first Biennial Transparency Report (BTR1) in December 2024 to inform the Convention of its emissions, progress in implementing mitigation and adaptation, and support received and needed. Furthermore, Nigeria has prepared and submitted its Adaptation Communication (ADCOM) in 2022 and is completing the preparation of its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) after finalising the country’s Climate Risk Assessment Report (CRAR). The Federal Republic of Nigeria sets an ambitious target to achieve an absolute emissions reduction of 184.9 Mt CO2e in 2035 from the emissions of 573.5 Mt CO2e in 2018, which represents a 32.2% reduction. The total mitigation potential for each sector is as follows: the energy sector, including both fugitive emissions and solid fuel transformation, is 31.2 Mt CO2e; the fuel combustion sector totals 103.4 Mt CO2e; the IPPU sector has a combined potential of 14.0 Mt CO2e; the agriculture sector contributes 2.1 Mt CO2e; the LULUCF sector has a mitigation potential of 347.9 Mt CO2e; and the waste sector has a total of 12.5 Mt CO2e. Looking at specific high-impact measures, the Federal Republic of Nigeria emphasizes several key areas with a mitigation potential of over 20 Mt CO2e. In the energy sector, the goal to achieve a 60% reduction in fugitive emissions (leaks and venting) from the oil and gas industry is a major focus with a mitigation potential of 27.3 Mt CO2e. The transport sector also stands out, with a significant mitigation potential of 44.3 Mt CO2e from the widespread adoption of electric and CNG vehicles. Additionally, within the LULUCF sector, Nigeria aims to lower the deforestation rate by 60%, which offers a substantial mitigation potential of 304.8 Mt CO2e, while also pursuing a mitigation potential of 34.4 Mt CO2e by increasing forest area through reforestation and afforestation. | report | Nigeria National Council on Climate Change | Nigeria's Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Federal Republic of Nigeria | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Nigeria%20NDC%203.0%20-%20Transimission%20Version%202.pdf | 1 | 1 | 70 | 14 | |||||
| 5165 | 2025 | 11/11/2025 3:33:29 PM | Zambia, Government of (2025) "Provisional Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0)" Zambia, Government of. | This document presents the provisional communication of the updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) for Zambia to the Paris Agreement on climate change. Pursuant to Decision 1/CP.19, 1/CP.20, and 1/CP.21, requesting countries to enhance their climate ambitions and update their Nationally Determined Contributions from 2020 and every five years thereafter, Zambia submits its updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) to the Paris Agreement on climate change. This submission is a critical step in Zambia's efforts to address climate change and contribute to the global efforts of limiting global warming to well below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels. Zambia's first NDC (NDC 1.0) was submitted on December 9, 2016, with a conditional pledge to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by 20,000 Gg CO2 eq. by 2030 against a base year of 2010 under the Business As Usual (BAU) scenario with limited international support, or by 38,000 Gg CO2 eq.) with substantial international support1. This pledge consisted of both mitigation and adaptation components based on Zambia's national circumstances, including its development priorities and economic growth prospects. The country submitted its revised NDC 2.0 on July 30, 2021, outlining updated climate action commitments, including targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing climate resilience. While NDC 2.0 maintained the country’s overall pledge of reducing GHG emissions by 20, 000 Gg CO2eq. by 2030 against the base year of 2010 under the Business-As-Usual (BAU) scenario with limited international support, or, by 38 000 Gg CO2eq. with substantial international support, it broadened the scope of sectors under mitigation by adding transport, liquid waste, and coal (production, transportation, and consumption). This expansion was based on a thorough review of Zambia's national circumstances and the need to address the growing emissions from these sectors. Further, the submission elaborated the adaptation component of the NDC by developing indicators that will enable the country track progress on building resilience in both the human and physical systems and on adaptation actions. In this NDC 3.0 submission, Zambia enhances its ambition by broadening the scope of sectors to include: Tourism: Zambia recognizes the importance of tourism in its economy and the need to promote sustainable tourism infrastructure and practices that reduce GHG emissions. Industrial Processes and Product Use (IPPU): This sector includes emissions from cement production, which is a significant contributor to Zambia's GHG emissions. Infrastructure (Green Buildings): Zambia aims to promote green building practices that reduce energy consumption and and subsequently reduce GHG emissions. Water security: Zambia aims to promote water security for all its citizens through genderresponsive and climate-smart water infrastructure. With the addition of these four sectors, Zambia has enhanced its ambition through a total of ten (10) sectors comprising: Forestry (sustainable forest management), Agriculture (sustainable agriculture), Energy (renewable energy and energy efficiency), Transport, Coal (production, transportation and consumption), Waste, Infrastructure (Green buildings), Tourism (Eco-Tourism) and Industrial Processes and Products Use (Cement Production) and water security. This is progressively moving the country towards an economy-wide approach in its coverage. Zambia adopts the indicators from the UAE Framework for Global Climate Resilience and Adaptation as a basis for enhancing its ambition in adaptation (Annex 2). The country has developed complementary indicators on cross-cutting initiatives. These indicators include: * Strengthened Institutional Capacity for Coordinating Climate Change Projects and Programmes * Fiscal policies improved to foster low-carbon and resilient sustainable development • Financial stability and supervisory policy and procedures improved to foster low carbon and resilient sustainable development. Zambia's updated NDC 3.0 demonstrates its commitment to enhancing its climate ambitions and contributing to the global effort to address climate change. The country's efforts to broaden the scope of sectors under mitigation and adaptation will help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance climate resilience. | report | Zambia, Government of | Provisional Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC3.0) | Zambia, Government of | https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/ZMB/2025/zambia-provisional-ndc-3-0_11ec019225fd9516a1e8c798861fd824.pdf | 1 | 1 | 15 | ||||||
| 5166 | 2025 | 11/11/2025 3:42:23 PM | Rwanda, Republic of (2025) "Rwanda’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution NDC 3.0" Rwanda, Republic of. | UPDATING AND ENHANCING THE NDC The Republic of Rwanda submitted its first updated and revised NDC (NDC 2.0) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat in May 2020. As required under the Paris Agreement, Rwanda is now pleased to submit this updated and enhanced NDC (NDC 3.0). The Paris Agreement requires Parties’ updated contributions to be informed by the outcome of the first Global Stocktake (GST) which concluded in 2023 and assessed collective progress toward meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement. The GST found that Global Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction pathways were not aligned with the Paris Agreement and therefore encouraged Parties to come forward in their next NDCs with “ambitious, economy-wide emission reduction targets, covering all greenhouse gases, sectors and categories and aligned with limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, as informed by the latest science, in the light of different national circumstances”. Responding to this request, Rwanda has now expanded the scope of its NDC to be economy-wide, including all GHGs and sectors included in its national greenhouse gas inventory. Previously excluded from NDC 2.0, emissions and removals from Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) have now been included within the NDC 3.0 mitigation contribution. Rwanda’s adaptation contribution has also been significantly enhanced, with further elaboration of specific targets and indicators. As encouraged under the international framework, this updated NDC now incorporates an end date of 2035. MITIGATION CONTRIBUTION Rwanda’s mitigation contribution takes the form of a reduction in GHG emissions relative to a BAU emissions scenario projected from a base year of 2015 over the period to 2035. According to the latest national GHG inventory data base, year emissions totalled 8.7 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e). Energy use accounted for an estimated 18% of the total, mainly due to emissions from liquid fossil fuel combustion in road transport (diesel and gasoline), fuel use in manufacturing and construction, and in buildings for heating, cooking and lighting. Waste also accounted for around 18% of the total, mainly from solid waste disposal and wastewater treatment and discharge. Agricultural sources accounted for around 63% of the total, mainly as emissions from livestock enteric fermentation and manure management, with industrial processes and product use (IPPU) accounting for the remaining 1% of the total emissions. Carbon removals from forests and harvested wood products were estimated to total 6.4 million tCO2. These removals were partially offset by other Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) emissions from croplands, grasslands and other sources. The country’s resulting net emissions (emissions and removals) in 2015 are estimated at around 4.2 million tCO2e. Under the BAU emissions scenario, total emissions excluding LULUCF are forecast to increase significantly, rising from 8.7 million tCO2e in 2015 to 32.9 million tCO2e in 2035. This outlook reflects assumptions around the growing contribution from fossil fuels to national emissions, in particular from increasing demand for road transport and modern energy services, as well as increased levels of waste generation. As seen over the past two decades, these factors are driven by strong economic and population growth which are both expected to continue through 2035. Although retaining a large share of the country’s emissions, the contribution from agricultural sources is expected to be more limited, growing broadly in line with trends over the past decade. Accounting for the emissions and removals from LULUCF, net emissions are projected to increase from 4.2 million tCO2e to 27.9 million tCO2e in 2035. An updated assessment of GHG mitigation measures for Rwanda was undertaken in order to determine which options are most suitable for inclusion within the NDC 3.0. The updated contribution, now calculated on the basis of net emissions and including LULUCF, comprises of two components: * Unconditional contribution: A reduction of 7 per cent (%) relative to BAU in the year 2035; equivalent to an estimated mitigation level of 1.84 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e) in that year. This is an unconditional target, based on domestically supported and implemented mitigation policies and measures. * Conditional contribution: An additional reduction of 46% relative to BAU in the year 2035, equivalent to an estimated additional mitigation level of 13.02 million tCO2e in that year. This represents an additional contribution, conditional on the provision of international support and funding. The combined unconditional and conditional contribution is therefore a 53% reduction in net GHG emissions compared to BAU in 2035, equivalent to an estimated mitigation level 14.86 million tCO2e in that year. This represents the estimated maximum mitigation potential if all of the identified mitigation measures are fully funded and implemented. Figure ES-1 shows how the mitigation is expected to be delivered across the different key sectors of energy, IPPU, waste, agriculture and LULUCF. Changes in energy use are expected to deliver the largest share of the potential – including from investments in cleaner low carbon fuels and technologies such as electric vehicles (EVs), renewable power generation, clean and efficient cookstoves, and wide-ranging energy efficiency measures. Climate friendly low emission practices in agriculture and forestry-related interventions are expected to deliver most of the remaining potential. Measures within the waste and IPPU sectors make a smaller albeit important contribution to the total. Table ES-1 shows the aggregated economy-wide targets through to 2035, including updated targets for 2030. The sectoral scope of the contribution covers all emissions sources described in the IPCC 2006 Reporting Guidelines, including emissions from the categories of energy, IPPU, waste, and agriculture, forestry and other land use (AFOLU). The coverage of the contribution includes the main greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and also hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) | report | Rwanda, Republic of | Rwanda’s 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution NDC 3.0 | Rwanda, Republic of | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/Rwanda%20NDC3.0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 152 | 16 | |||||
| 5133 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:35:45 PM | Saint Lucia, Government of (2025) "Saint Lucia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Department of Sustainable Development, Ministry of Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training.. | With this NDC submission, Saint Lucia updates its 2030 greenhouse gas mitigation target and submits a new target for 2035. The 2030 target is revised from 7% to 14.7% emissions reduction in the energy and transport sector (IPCC Energy sector), relative to 2010. This represents a sector wide target, covering all greenhouse gases and remains conditional upon access to sufficient financial and capacity building support. Saint Lucia pledges to further reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the energy and transport sectors by 22% in 2035, through enhanced deployment of wind and solar energy with battery storage, upgrades to the grid infrastructure, continued efforts to improve energy efficiency, and enhanced uptake of electric vehicles. Additionally, Saint Lucia adds a quantified target for the forestry sector, enhancing the sink capacity of the sector by 33 GgCO2 by 2035, relative to the 2010 base year greenhouse gas sink capacity of 251 GgCO2 per year. Further, Saint Lucia pledges to reduce emissions of ozone depleting substances under the IPCC industry sector from 83 GgCO2eq in the base time frame 2020-2022, and 133 GgCO2eq in 2025, to 75.4 GgCO2eq., equivalent to 10% lower than the base year, by 2035. These targets are conditional upon access to sufficient financial and capacity building support. Additionally, and conditional upon the successful exploration of the resource, Saint Lucia intends to add geothermal energy generation to its renewable energy mix by around 2035, which would bring overall energy sector emissions down by 32% in 2035, relative to 2010. The estimated capital expenditure to implement the mitigation commitments of NDC 3.0 is USD 247 million, plus USD 178 million for the geothermal plant, should the resource be productive, and an additional USD 84 million for grid upgrades. | report | Saint Lucia, Government of | Saint Lucia’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Department of Sustainable Development, Ministry of Education, Sustainable Development, Innovation, Science, Technology and Vocational Training. | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-02/Saint%20Lucias%20Third%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf | 1 | 1 | 35 | 17 | |||||
| 5135 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 5:51:13 PM | Somalia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (2025) "Somalia's Third Generation Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Federal Government of Somalia. | Somalia submitted its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) in 2015, in accordance with decisions 1/CP.19 and 1/CP.20 of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). After ratifying the Paris Agreement in April 2016, the INDC became Somalia's first NDC. According to decision 1/CP.21 paragraph 24, which requests Parties to communicate or update their NDC by 2020, Somalia reviewed and updated its NDC for submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat in 2021 (NDC 2.0). The updated NDC provides measurable and budgeted mitigation and adaptation actions in agriculture, energy, land use and forestry, transport, and waste sectors. However, it is yet to be submitted to the UNFCCC. In conformity with the Paris Agreement Article 4.9 which requires parties to submit updated NDC every 5 years, the MoECC, in collaboration with internal and external partners embarked on a collective process to review the existing NDC with the aim of ratcheting climate change ambitions; aligning it with Somalia’s LT-LEDs, the key national development planning frameworks such as the "Acceleration and Localization of Environmentally Sustainable Development Goals (Green SDGs) for Somalia"; and to develop an investable NDC implementation roadmap, with detailed sectoral strategies, including resource allocation. The review and update of the NDC was a participatory process involving stakeholders from society and government approach which included all government departments and agencies, civic society, humanitarian organizations, communities and special interest groups such as gender, youth, persons with disabilities (PWD), and indigenous groups. This NDC considers resolutions from the recent Conference of the Parties (COP) meetings, such as the Katowicze Climate Package (2018), which established rules for implementing the Paris Agreement, influencing NDC development and reporting. COP26 in Glasgow (2021) underscored the need for more ambitious emission reduction targets aligned with limiting global warming to below 2°C, the announcement of 2050 net-zero targets by many countries, and the emphasis on adaptation and resilience in NDCs. The review aims to accomplish several key objectives, including developing an NDC Implementation Plan for priority actions in key sub-sectors; identifying the enabling environment and barriers to effective implementation of climate actions; and assessing and mapping potential financial resources to support NDC actions. In conformity with the reporting requirements therein, Somalia submitted its first Biennial Update Report (BUR) in 2024. This NDC 3.0 constitutes a progression in ambition from the previous NDC which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30 per cent below 2015 levels by 2030. The realisation of this target has been constrained by social and economic instability, and low partner support for the proposed conditional actions. The NDC 3.0 is informed by the outcomes of the first Somalia GHG emission inventory of 2025 and the Global Stocktake in 2023, and represents Somalia’s highest possible ambition in light of its national social, political and economic circumstances and capability. Somalia relies economically on agriculture and natural resources; has a high dependence on electricity generation using fossil fuels; low installed renewable energy capacity (12%) and dominance of microgrids; low industrial capacity; and a nascent political stability and public sector. These realities shape Somalia’s national circumstances and emissions profiles, and the NDC targets have been established consequent to this. This NDC aligns with long-term carbon-neutral development strategies, which will leverage major technological advances and mobilize climate finance and investment for future economic growth and development. It also aligns with the country's national development strategies and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), SDG 5 (Gender) along with other goals that foster sustainable development. As a low GHG-emitting country (contributing 0.019% of global emissions), while being highly vulnerable to climate change, Somalia prioritises NDCs adaptation and resilience actions.Therefore, domestic funds will be prioritised for adaptation over mitigation measures. Importantly, gender issues will be prioritised to reduce vulnerability of marginalised sections of the community to climate shocks. Furthermore, integrated approaches will be pursued that align climate action, peacebuilding, and security strategies as called for by the National Transformation Plan (2025–2029). | report | Somalia Ministry of Environment and Climate Change | Somalia's Third Generation Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Federal Government of Somalia | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-09/Somalia%20NDC%203.0_Official_2025.pdf | 1 | 1 | 58 | 18 | |||||
| 5179 | 2025 | 11/17/2025 6:22:20 PM | Suriname, Government of, Directorate of Environment, Ministry of Oil, Gas and Environment (2025) "Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)" Suriname, Government of. | A Strategic Shift for Climate and Development Suriname’s Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) reaffirms the country’s leadership in global climate action and places climate ambition at the heart of its long-term development vision. As a High Forest Cover, Low Deforestation (HFLD) country and one of the world’s few net carbon sinks, Suriname faces the dual challenge of preserving its ecological integrity while advancing a structural economic transformation amid fiscal, social, and environmental pressures. Suriname’s NDC 3.0 sets out a transparent, time-bound, and inclusive roadmap that integrates climate action into national development planning. Aligned with the GDS and the NSVSD, and guided by a Just Transition Framework, this NDC reflects strong national ownership and a participatory design process. It emphasizes equity, environmental integrity, and socioeconomic resilience—especially for Indigenous and Tribal Peoples (ITPs), youth, women, and other vulnerable groups. While this NDC 3.0 sets new 2030 and 2035 targets, it confirms the 2020–2030 implementation period continues for Paris Agreement accounting. This preserves the validity of mitigation outcomes, including ITMOs generated since 2021 which represent costly emission reduction efforts thus far uncompensated. | report | Suriname, Government of, Directorate of Environment, Ministry of Oil, Gas and Environment | Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) | Suriname, Government of | https://cdn.climatepolicyradar.org/navigator/SUR/2025/suriname-nationally-determined-contribution-ndc3-0_d2189d0d0d11e3cdd1a7199a0d5edffb.pdf | 1 | 1 | 166 | 19 | |||||
| 5121 | 2025 | 11/7/2025 12:47:44 PM | The Bahamas (2025) "Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" Climate Change and Environmental Advisory Unit (CCEAU). | A decade ago, 195 countries adopted the Paris Agreement to establish a legally binding international framework, which would facilitate a global and coordinated response to climate change. As a signatory to the Paris Agreement, The Commonwealth of The Bahamas outlined its proposed climate action goals in its submitted Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Over the past decade, the Government of The Bahamas has sought to support these goals with the use of policies and legislation, as well as partnerships. Similar to The Bahamas’ NDC 2.0, the means of implementing NDC 3.0 are 100% conditional for all targets identified; based on the availability of financial resources, access to technology and support. However, despite limited finances and the country’s minuscule contribution to increasing global greenhouse gas concentrations, The Government of The Bahamas remains committed to proactive, solution-oriented climate action driven by best available science and innovative financing tools to achieve these goals. It is envisaged that Article 6 financing will drive a significant percentage of conditional ambition for the NDC 3.0 period. NDC 3.0 builds upon the 2022 Updated NDC (NDC 2.0), further demonstrating The Bahamas’ commitment to the enhancement and implementation of its climate mitigation and adaptation goals. NDC 3.0 also illustrates The Bahamas’ resilience in the face of significant losses and damages resulting from continuous climate impacts, and the country’s climate vulnerabilities. Moreover, NDC 3.0 underscores our commitment to meet and exceed targets through impactful national projects and partnerships. Against this backdrop, the Government of The Bahamas established the Ministry of Energy and Transport (MOET) which has the responsibility for leading a national energy and transportation reform. This includes modernising systems, implementing a sustainable network with utility-scale solar projects throughout the Commonwealth, and upgrading the country’s transmission and distribution lines. Moreover, the Government has secured financing to support the country’s first National Adaptation Plan (NAP), which will include sectoral plans. Furthermore, with the establishment of the National Emissions Registry (NER), the Government has created an electronic database, which will assist in the development of updated national greenhouse gas inventories, while supporting NDC mitigation tracking. Additionally, in May 2025, The Bahamas published a revised National Energy Policy (2025-2030) and has committed to its revision every five years, in keeping with the NDC submission cycle. While NDC 3.0 outlines our climate actions and goals, this document also takes a deep dive into a greater need for more ambitious adaptation measures. The Bahamas recognises that even if the country were to transition to a net zero economy today, it would still not be enough to reduce or eliminate our vulnerabilities to the existential threats of climate change.Consequently, The Bahamas continues to strongly advocate for increased climate finance support that targets adaptation actions. Through meaningful partnerships and stakeholder engagements, The Bahamas has made great strides in its climate efforts. Notwithstanding these efforts, it is important that the country develops a robust and comprehensive NDC tracking mechanism that will monitor and measure the impact of our climate actions as identified in our NDCs. The Bahamas stands ready to receive support that will allow the country to effectively and comprehensively monitor, measure, and evaluate its climate mitigation and adaptation actions. Although The Bahamas is a small island state with limited resources, our country remains committed to the Paris Agreement and to the advancement of ambitious NDCs. Moreover, the climate targets set out in this document are not only being proposed to curb emissions, but to increase adaptation, climate resilience, and sustainable development co-benefits. For The Bahamas, NDC 3.0 is not a “wish list”, alternatively, NDC 3.0 represents urgent climate actions and measures required to ensure a resilient future for our islands and our people. | report | The Bahamas | Third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change | Climate Change and Environmental Advisory Unit (CCEAU) | https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/2025-11/The%20Bahamas%20NDC%203.0.pdf | 1 | 1 | 153 | 20 |